Assignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators ECE5320 Mechatronics Assignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators Inductive Proximity Sensors Prepared by: Amin Hernandez Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Utah State University T: (435)797-; F: (435) (ECE Dept.)

Outline  Reference List  To Explore Further  Major Applications  Basic Working Principle  Sensor Selection  Major Specifications  Limitations  Mounting Restrictions  Purchasing Information ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

Reference List   Suffi, Guerrino; “Inductive Proximity Sensors: Design, Selection, Specification and Implementation”: Proximity Sensor Product Marketing, Omron Electronics LLC  Suffi, Guerrino; “Old School Proximity Sensor Implementation”: Proximity Sensor Product Marketing, Omron Electronics LLC

ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators To Explore Further  To see more information concerning applications, and technical information should visit BALLUFF: sensors worldwide (  To see purchasing information and pricing should visit AUTOMATIONDIRECT

ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Major Applications  Automation Processes  Industrial Processes

ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Basic Working Principal  Inductive proximity sensors operate under the electrical principle of inductance.  Inductance is the phenomenon where a fluctuating current, which by definition has a magnetic component, induces an electromotive force (emf) in a target object. In circuit design, one measures this inductance in H (henrys).

ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Basic Working Principal An inductive proximity sensor has four components :  Coil  Oscillator  Detection circuit  Output circuit

ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Basic Working Principal  When a metal object moves into the inductive proximity sensor’s field of detection, Eddy circuits build up in the metallic object, magnetically push back, and finally dampen the Inductive sensor’s own oscillation field.  The sensor’s detection circuit monitors the oscillator’s strength and triggers an output from the output circuitry when the oscillator becomes dampened to a sufficient level.

ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Basic Working Principal Inductive proximity sensors come in two forms:  shielded It can be embedded flush in its mounting material without affecting the sensor’s field of detection  unshielded It has the advantage of longer sensing distances, but the disadvantage of not being embeddable.

ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Sensor Selection Inductive proximity sensors categorize in five specific types:  Cylindrical  Rectangular  Miniature  Harsh environment  Special purpose Note: 70% of all inductive proximity sensor purchases are of the standardized cylindrical threaded barrel type.

ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Major Specifications  Sensing Distance  Reset Distance  Setting Distance  Standard Detectable Object  Connection Options  Housing Construction  Housing Style  Cable Type and Length  Features

ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Major Specifications Standard Detectable Object  When an inductive proximity sensor’s data sheet refers to a standard detectable object, it tells the specified shape, size, and material which is used as the standard to examine the performance of the proximity sensor.  This understanding is important because the detection distance of the inductive proximity sensor differs according to the shape and material of an object. Typically, the standard detectable object will be an iron plate with a thickness of 1mm and height and width of equal length to the diameter of the inductive sensor.

ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Major Specifications Detection Distance  Detection distance is the position at which the inductive proximity sensor operates when a “standard detectable object” is moved in front of the sensor in a defined manner. For an Inductive proximity sensor with an end (or “front”) detection surface, the detection distance is determined by aligning the center line of the Inductive sensor with the center line of the standard detectable object.  The standard detectable object is moved towards the face of the inductive proximity sensor until the proximity sensor changes states and the detection distance is determined.

ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Major Specifications Reset Distance  The reset distance refers to the distance at which the inductive proximity sensor releases its output when the standard detectable object is removed from its field of detection. The difference in distance between the detection distance and the reset distance is called the “Distance differential.” Typically, the distance differential is from 3% to 10% of the overall detection distance.  The distance differential is incorporated into the design of the inductive proximity sensor to prevent the proximity sensor from having its output chatter due to noisy environments or detectable object vibrations.

ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Major Specifications  Inductive proximity sensors typically include their silicon amplifiers and detection circuitry inside the sensor head housing.  Normal operating temperatures for silicon based circuitry is within the realm of -25 to 70C (-13 to 158F).

ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Major Specifications  Inductive proximity sensors come in a wide variety of body types.  Rectangular style inductive proximity sensors range from the sub-miniature (5.5mm X 5.5mm X 19mm) to the flat pack style (25mm X 10mm X 50mm) all the way up to the limit switch housing size (40mm X 40mm X 115mm).

ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Limitations  Influence of surrounding metals When an inductive proximity sensor is mounted into its sensing position, it is important to consider the effects of the mounting hardware itself and other metallic objects that may be present in the area of the sensor. For the shielded type of inductive proximity sensor, the device can be embedded into a metallic mounting fixture up to the point when the sensor’s face is at an equivalent height as the mounting surface.

ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Limitations  Alternated frequency types Alternate frequency inductive sensors oscillate their magnetic coils at different cycle rates that their standard inductive proximity sensor counterparts.  Mutual interference When multiple inductive proximity sensors are mounted in close proximity to one another either along side or in an opposing directions to another inductive proximity sensor, either inductive sensor can be subject to an effect called mutual interference.

ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Mounting Restrictions  When it comes to miniaturization, few components so strongly represent the micro-electronic revolution that has occurred within the last 10 years as inductive proximity sensors. Today, the world’s leading manufacturer of inductive proximity sensors can manufacture a 5.5mm X 5.5mm X 19mm rectangular proximity sensor with an extended sensing range of 1.6mm.  Mounting requirements must be considered when implementing the inductive proximity sensor into your design otherwise you may encounter reduced sensing distance, false triggering, or non-detection of the target.

ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Purchasing Information Selection of Inductive Proximity Sensors prices from AutomationDirect  Popular DC models (8, 12, 18 and 30 mm) great all-around sensors start at $25.00 (AK1-AN-4A)  Short body round (8, 12 mm) for very tight space applications starting at $30.00 (AM6-AN-4A)  Analog output (8, 12, 18 and 30 mm) DC with analog output start at $91.75 (AM9-05-1A)  AC powered (12, 18, and 30 mm) using AC field power start at $31.00 (VK1-A0-1B)  Stainless steel DC triple sensing (8, 12, 18, and 30 mm) starting at $82.50 (PMW-AN-5A)  Stainless steel DC (12 mm and 18 mm) - submersible protection starting at $38.00 (PMW-0N-1H)  Rectangular - compact sizes for angular spaces starting at $16.00 (APS4-12S-E-D)  Miniature (3, 4, 5 mm) for tight spaces and close-in sensing start at $35.00 (PD1-AN-1A) _Encoders/Inductive_Proximity_Sensors?source=google&keyword=inductive%20proximity%20sensor&type=search&gclid=CK79hJWUjZkCFQ9Jagodmlefcw