© John Stevenson, 2009 Chapters 1-7

“Leviticus does not articulate a theory of sacrifice but simply describes a variety of sacrifices.”  Bellinger, Jr.

The Principle of a Gift The Principle of a Death The Principle of a Substitute The Principle of a Healed Relationship

Chapters 1-3 Various Offerings – Burnt Offerings – Grain Offerings – Peace Offerings – Sin Offerings – Guilt Offerings Chapters 4-5 Chapters 6-7 Focus on the priest’s actions in the offering ritual and mentions the disposal of the offering after it has been offered Offered in worship Offered because of sin or guilt

Why are there five different sacrifices if they all represent Jesus?

Did not originate here in Leviticus. – Noah offered burnt offerings after the flood (Genesis 8:20). – The offering of Isaac was to be a burnt offering (Genesis 22:2). – The worship of the golden calf involved burnt offerings and peace offerings (Exodus 32:6)

Did not originate here in Leviticus. It was the basic offering. –The morning and evening offerings –Offerings at various feast days

Did not originate here in Leviticus. It was the basic offering. It was to be completely consumed by the fire. Various types of animals allowed. –Bull –Sheep or goat –Birds

Leviticus 1:1 Then the LORD called to Moses and spoke to him from the tent of meeting…

Leviticus 1:1-2 Then the LORD called to Moses and spoke to him from the tent of meeting, saying, 2 “Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them, ‘When any man of you brings an offering to the LORD, you shall bring your offering of animals from the herd or the flock.’”

Leviticus 1:3 “If his offering is a burnt offering from the herd, he shall offer it, a male without defect; he shall offer it at the doorway of the tent of meeting, that he may be accepted before the LORD.”

Leviticus 1:3 “If his offering is a burnt offering from the herd, he shall offer it, a male without defect; he shall offer it at the doorway of the tent of meeting, that he may be accepted before the LORD.”hl'[o‘Olah hl'[' (From “to ascend”) !B'r >q' Qarban br'q' (From, “to come near”)

Leviticus 1:4 “He shall lay his hand on the head of the burnt offering, that it may be accepted for him to make atonement on his behalf.”

Leviticus 1:5 He shall slay the young bull before the LORD; and Aaron’s sons the priests shall offer up the blood and sprinkle the blood around on the altar that is at the doorway of the tent of meeting.

Leviticus 1:7 The sons of Aaron the priest shall put fire on the altar and arrange wood on the fire.

Leviticus 1:8 Then Aaron's sons the priests shall arrange the pieces, the head and the suet over the wood which is on the fire that is on the altar.

Leviticus 1:9 Its entrails, however, and its legs he shall wash with water. And the priest shall offer up in smoke all of it on the altar for a burnt offering, an offering by fire of a soothing aroma to the LORD.

Leviticus 1:9 Its entrails, however, and its legs he shall wash with water. And the priest shall offer up in smoke all of it on the altar for a burnt offering, an offering by fire of a soothing aroma to the LORD. x:AxynI -x;yrE Reyach-neychoach

Therefore be imitators of God, as beloved children; 2 and walk in love, just as Christ also loved you and gave Himself up for us, an offering and a sacrifice to God as a fragrant aroma. (Ephesians 5:1-2)

1:1-2 When any man brings an offering… 1:3-9 Instructions for the offering of… A bull from the herd 1:10-13 A sheep or goat from the flock 1:14-17 A bird: Turtledove or young pigeon Chapter 1

It was the foundational offering that allowed men to come into the presence of the Lord. …he shall offer it at the doorway of the tent of meeting, that he may be accepted before the LORD. (Leviticus 1:3).

It was the foundational offering that allowed men to come into the presence of the Lord. He shall lay his hand on the head of the burnt offering, that it may be accepted for him to make atonement on his behalf (Leviticus 1:4).

It was the foundational offering that allowed men to come into the presence of the Lord. A life was offered upon the altar. It was to be completely burnt upon the altar. Depending upon the financial status of the one making the offering, it could be a bull, a lamb, or a dove.

“Physical contact with the animal shows that there was no worship by proxy or at a safe distance. The worshiper personally carried out over half the ritual steps, more than the priest did” (2008:23).

Offerings and Sacrifices Why were the sacrifices important (necessary)? What were they meant to achieve? Why do Christians no longer make sacrifices (or do they)? How is worship a sacrifice? What NT connections can be drawn to the sacrificial system?

Burnt Offering Lev. 1Atonement Bull, sheep, goat, bird Grain Offering Lev. 2Celebration Flour, oil, incense

Leviticus 2:1 Now when anyone presents a grain offering as an offering to the LORD, his offering shall be of fine flour, and he shall pour oil on it and put frankincense on it. hx'n >mi  Minchah Offering, tribute, gift. Used in Genesis 4 of both Cain and Abel’s offerings

It was an unbloody offering. It describes the king’s tribute. Connected to the idea of hospitality. It was to be made without leaven or honey.

Part went to the Lord, the rest went to Aaron and his sons. It was to be seasoned with salt as a “salt covenant.” Jesus as the Bread of Life.

Burnt Offering Lev. 1Atonement Bull, sheep, goat, bird Grain Offering Lev. 2Celebration Flour, oil, incense Peace Offering Lev. 3Rejoicing Male or female cattle or sheep

Leviticus 3:1 Now if his offering is a sacrifice of peace offerings, if he is going to offer out of the herd, whether male or female, he shall offer it without defect before the LORD. ~ymil'v. xb;z< Zebach shelamim

Leviticus 3:2 He shall lay his hand on the head of his offering and slay it at the doorway of the tent of meeting, and Aaron’s sons the priests shall sprinkle the blood around on the altar.

It could be from the herd of cattle or the flock of sheep or goats. It could be male or female. The fat of the animal as well as the entrails were to go to the Lord.

The flesh went to the priests and to the one making the offering. Everyone ate a portion of this offering, signifying communion with God. Jesus is our shalom.

The Peace Offering was generally accompanied by a libation of wine.

Burnt Offering Lev. 1Atonement Bull, sheep, goat, bird Grain Offering Lev. 2Celebration Flour, oil, incense Peace Offering Lev. 3Rejoicing Male or female cattle or sheep Sin Offering Lev. 4:1 – 5:13 Unintentional Sin Bull, goat (male or female)

Leviticus 4:1-3 Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, 2 “Speak to the sons of Israel, saying, ‘If a person sins unintentionally in any of the things which the LORD has commanded not to be done, and commits any of them, 3 if the anointed priest sins so as to bring guilt on the people, then let him offer to the LORD a bull without defect as a sin offering for the sin he has committed.’”

If the anointed priest sins 4:1-12 If the people sin 4:13-21 If the leader sins 4:22-26 If one of the common people sins 4:27 - 5:13

Leviticus 4:4 He shall bring the bull to the doorway of the tent of meeting before the LORD, and he shall lay his hand on the head of the bull and slay the bull before the LORD.

Leviticus 4:5-6 Then the anointed priest is to take some of the blood of the bull and bring it to the tent of meeting, 6 and the priest shall dip his finger in the blood and sprinkle some of the blood seven times before the LORD, in front of the veil of the sanctuary. Bibleplaces.com

Leviticus 4:7 The priest shall also put some of the blood on the horns of the altar of fragrant incense which is before the LORD in the tent of meeting; and all the blood of the bull he shall pour out at the base of the altar of burnt offering which is at the doorway of the tent of meeting.

Leviticus 4:11-12 But the hide of the bull and all its flesh with its head and its legs and its entrails and its refuse, 12 that is, all the rest of the bull, he is to bring out to a clean place outside the camp where the ashes are poured out, and burn it on wood with fire; where the ashes are poured out it shall be burned.

For the bodies of those animals whose blood is brought into the holy place by the high priest as an offering for sin, are burned outside the camp. 12 Therefore Jesus also, that He might sanctify the people through His own blood, suffered outside the gate. 13 So, let us go out to Him outside the camp, bearing His reproach. (Hebrews 13:11-13).

The first three offerings were offered as acts of worship; this offering is made for atonement for sin. The first three offerings were burnt upon the altar in the compound of the Tabernacle. This offering is burnt on the bare earth outside the camp.

Teaches us the great cost of sin. Teaches us that sin can be ignorant or willful. Teaches us that sin can be active or passive. Teaches us that the only solution to sin is the death of an innocent substitute.

Burnt Offering Lev. 1Atonement Bull, sheep, goat, bird Grain Offering Lev. 2Celebration Flour, oil, incense Peace Offering Lev. 3Rejoicing Male or female cattle or sheep Sin Offering Lev. 4:1 – 5:13 Unintentional Sin Bull, goat (male or female) Guilt Offering Lev. 5:14 – 6:7Atonement Ram or equivalent sum

This offering is the only one not described as a soothing aroma. Includes the mandate of a financial recompense to the party that was wronged (6:5). Both sin offerings and guilt offerings are for unintentional offenses.

Leviticus 6:1-3 Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, 2 “When a person sins and acts unfaithfully against the LORD, and deceives his companion in regard to a deposit or a security entrusted to him, or through robbery, or if he has extorted from his companion, 3 or has found what was lost and lied about it and sworn falsely, so that he sins in regard to any one of the things a man may do;”

Leviticus 6:4-5 4 then it shall be, when he sins and becomes guilty, that he shall restore what he took by robbery or what he got by extortion, or the deposit which was entrusted to him or the lost thing which he found, 5 or anything about which he swore falsely; he shall make restitution for it in full and add to it one-fifth more. He shall give it to the one to whom it belongs on the day he presents his guilt offering.

Chapters 1-3 Various Offerings – Burnt Offerings – Grain Offerings – Peace Offerings – Sin Offerings – Guilt Offerings Chapters 4-5 Chapters 6-7 Focus on the priest’s actions in the offering ritual and mentions the disposal of the offering after it has been offered Offered in worship Offered because of sin or guilt

Leviticus 6:8-9 Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, 9 “Command Aaron and his sons, saying, 'This is the law for the burnt offering: the burnt offering itself shall remain on the hearth on the altar all night until the morning, and the fire on the altar is to be kept burning on it.”

Leviticus 6:10-11 The priest is to put on his linen robe, and he shall put on undergarments next to his flesh; and he shall take up the ashes to which the fire reduces the burnt offering on the altar and place them beside the altar. 11 Then he shall take off his garments and put on other garments, and carry the ashes outside the camp to a clean place.

6:8-13 Law for Burnt Offering 6:14-18 Law for Grain Offering Grain offering at anointing of Aaron (6:19-23) 6:24-30 Law for Sin Offering Ashes carried out by priest to a clean place Blood must be drained or burned with fire 7:1-10 Law for Guilt Offering Blood applied around altar 7:11-21 Law for Peace Offering To be eaten on the day of the offering

Leviticus 7:37-38 This is the law of the burnt offering, the grain offering and the sin offering and the guilt offering and the ordination offering and the sacrifice of peace offerings, 38 which the LORD commanded Moses at Mount Sinai in the day that He commanded the sons of Israel to present their offerings to the LORD in the wilderness of Sinai.