Chapter #5 Nomenclature

CHAPTER #5 CONTENTS 5.1 Sugar and Salt 5.2 Compound Composition 5.3 Chemical Formulas 5.4 Molecular substances 5.5 Ionic Formulas 5.6 Nomenclature 5.7 Ionic Compound Nomenclature 5.8 Molecular compound Nomenclature 5.9 Acid Nomenclature 5.10 Summary 5.11 Formula Mass

5.1 Sugar and Salt Sugar is an example of a molecular compound and there are hundreds of different sugars. Some examples: Sucrose (Table sugar) C12H22O11 Glucose (Blood sugar) C6H12O6 Salt, like sugar, there are hundreds of different salts. Some examples are: Sodium Chloride (Table salt) NaCl Calcium Chloride CaCl2 What salt and sugar have in common is that they are examples of compounds. Salt is an example of an ionic compound and sugar is an example of an ionic compound. Ionic compounds are made of a metal and nonmetal, while molecular compounds are made of nonmetals

5.2 Compound Composition Compounds are examples of homogeneous matter. They are not mixtures, but exact combinations of different elements. The composition of compounds is never changing, meaning the atom ratios never change.

NOMENCLATURE I. Binary Ionic compounds Binary means two different elements Ionic means metal and nonmetal Step 1 First give the name of the metal, followed by the nonmetal name using the “ide” suffix. Step 2 If the metal is to the right of group IIA, then a Roman numeral is used after the metal to to describe the charge of the metal. Except Ag, Zn,and Al Examples NaCl Al2O3 FeCl2 FeCl3

NOMENCLATURE I. Binary Ionic compounds Binary means two different elements Ionic means metal and nonmetal Step 1 First give the name of the metal, followed by the nonmetal name using the “ide” suffix. Step 2 If the metal is to the right of group IIA, then a Roman numeral is used after the metal to to describe the charge of the metal. Except Ag, Zn,and Al Examples NaCl Sodium chloride Al2O3 FeCl2 FeCl3

NOMENCLATURE I. Binary Ionic compounds Binary means two different elements Ionic means metal and nonmetal Step 1 First give the name of the metal, followed by the nonmetal name using the “ide” suffix. Step 2 If the metal is to the right of group IIA, then a Roman numeral is used after the metal to to describe the charge of the metal. Except Ag, Zn,and Al Examples NaCl Sodium chloride Al2O3 Aluminum oxide FeCl2 FeCl3

NOMENCLATURE I. Binary Ionic compounds Binary means two different elements Ionic means metal and nonmetal Step 1 First give the name of the metal, followed by the nonmetal name using the “ide” suffix. Step 2 If the metal is to the right of group IIA, then a Roman numeral is used after the metal to to describe the charge of the metal. Except Ag, Zn,and Al Examples NaCl Sodium chloride Al2O3 Aluminum oxide FeCl2 Iron(II) chloride FeCl3

NOMENCLATURE I. Binary Ionic compounds Binary means two different elements Ionic means metal and nonmetal Step 1 First give the name of the metal, followed by the nonmetal name using the “ide” suffix. Step 2 If the metal is to the right of group IIA, then a Roman numeral is used after the metal to to describe the charge of the metal. Except Ag, Zn,and Al Examples NaCl Sodium chloride Al2O3 Aluminum oxide FeCl2 Iron(II) chloride FeCl3 iron(III) chloride

Nonbinary means more than two different elements II. Nonbinary Ionic compounds Nonbinary means more than two different elements Step 1 First give the name of the metal, followed by the memorized polyatomic ion name. Step 2 If the metal is to the right of group IIA, then a Roman numeral is used after the metal to describe the charge of the metal. Except Ag, Zn, and Al. Examples NaOH Fe(NO3)3 Zn(C2H3O2)2 FeSO4

Memorized Polyatomic Ion List Formula Name NH4+ Ammonium O22- Peroxide C2H3O2- Acetate NO3- Nitrate CO32- Carbonate NO2- Nitrite HCO31- Hydorgen carbonate SO42- Sulfate ClO4- Perchlorate SO32- Sulfite ClO3- Chlorate PO43- Phosphate ClO2- Chlorite PO33- Phosphite ClO- Hypochlorite CrO42- Chromate CN- Cyanide Cr2O72- Dichromate OH- Hydroxide MnO41- Permanganate

Nonbinary means more than two different elements II. Nonbinary Ionic compounds Nonbinary means more than two different elements Step 1 First give the name of the metal, followed by the memorized polyatomic ion name. Step 2 CO If the metal is to the right of group IIA, then a Roman numeral is used after the metal to describe the charge of the metal. Except Ag, Zn, and Al. Examples NaOH Sodium hydroxide Fe(NO3)3 Zn(C2H3O2)2 FeSO4

Nonbinary means more than two different elements II. Nonbinary Ionic compounds Nonbinary means more than two different elements Step 1 First give the name of the metal, followed by the memorized polyatomic ion name. Step 2 If the metal is to the right of group IIA, then a Roman numeral is used after the metal to describe the charge of the metal. Except Ag, Zn, and Al. Examples NaOH Sodium hydroxide Fe(NO3)3 Iron(III) nitrate Zn(C2H3O2)2 FeSO4

Nonbinary means more than two different elements II. Nonbinary Ionic compounds Nonbinary means more than two different elements Step 1 First give the name of the metal, followed by the memorized polyatomic ion name. Step 2 If the metal is to the right of group IIA, then a Roman numeral is used after the metal to describe the charge of the metal. Except Ag, Zn, and Al. Examples NaOH Sodium hydroxide Fe(NO3)3 Iron(III) nitrate Zn(C2H3O2)2 FeSO4 Iron(II) sulfate

Nonbinary means more than two different elements II. Nonbinary Ionic compounds Nonbinary means more than two different elements Step 1 First give the name of the metal, followed by the memorized polyatomic ion name. Step 2 If the metal is to the right of group IIA, then a Roman numeral is used after the metal to describe the charge of the metal. Except Ag, Zn, and Al. Examples NaOH Sodium hydroxide Fe(NO3)3 Iron(III) nitrate Zn(C2H3O2)2 FeSO4 Iron(II) sulfate Zinc acetate

III. Binary molecular Compounds Molecular means nonmetals Step 1 First give the name of the first nonmetal, followed by the nonmetal name using the “ide” suffix. Step 2 Give each nonmetal a Latin prefix describing the number of atoms present in the compound. Examples CO CO2 P2O5 CCl4

You will need to learn the Greek numerical prefixes (Table 4.6): Number Prefix 1 Mono-* 2 Di- 3 Tri- 4 Tetra- 5 Penta- 6 Hexa- 7 Hepta- 8 Octa- 9 Nona- 10 Deca- *Note 1 Compound names never start with mono Note 2 When adding a prefix two vowls cannot next to each other

III. Binary Molecular Compounds Molecular means nonmetals Step 1 First give the name of the first nonmetal, followed by the nonmetal name using the “ide” suffix. Step 2 Give each nonmetal a Latin prefix describing the number of atoms present in the compound. Examples CO Carbon monoxide CO2 P2O5 CCl4

III. Binary Molecular Compounds Molecular means nonmetals Step 1 First give the name of the first nonmetal, followed by the nonmetal name using the “ide” suffix. Step 2 Give each nonmetal a Latin prefix describing the number of atoms present in the compound. Examples CO Carbon monoxide CO2 Carbon dioxide P2O5 CCl4

III. Binary Molecular Compounds Molecular means nonmetals Step 1 First give the name of the first nonmetal, followed by the nonmetal name using the “ide” suffix. Step 2 Give each nonmetal a Latin prefix describing the number of atoms present in the compound. Examples CO Carbon monoxide CO2 Carbon dioxide P2O5 CCl4

III. Binary molecular Compounds Molecular means combination of nonmetals Step 1 First give the name of the first nonmetal, followed by the nonmetal name using the “ide” suffix. Step 2 Give each nonmetal a Latin prefix describing the number of atoms present in the compound. Examples CO Carbon monoxide CO2 Carbon dioxide P2O5 Diphosphorus Pentoxide CCl4

III. Binary molecular Compounds Molecular means combination of nonmetals Step 1 First give the name of the first nonmetal, followed by the nonmetal name using the “ide” suffix. Step 2 Give each nonmetal a Latin prefix describing the number of atoms present in the compound. Examples CO Carbon monoxide CO2 Carbon dioxide P2O5 Diphosphorus Pentoxide CCl4 Carbon tetrachloride

IV. Nonbinary Molecular Compounds Note: Do not use Latin prefixes Step 1 Write down the memorized polyatomic ions present in the compound. Step 2 Look to see if any monatomic ions are present. If so, then cations use the normal name. If it is an anion, then its name comes last with the “ide” suffix. Examples NH4Cl NH4OH

IV. Nonbinary Molecular Compounds Note: Do not use Latin prefixes Step 1 Write down the memorized polyatomic ions present in the compound. Step 2 Look to see if any monatomic ions are present. If so, then cations use the normal name. If it is an anion, then its name comes last with the “ide” suffix. Examples NH4Cl Ammonium chloride NH4OH

IV. Nonbinary Molecular Compounds Note: Do not use Latin prefixes Step 1 Write down the memorized polyatomic ions present in the compound. Step 2 Look to see if any monatomic ions are present. If so, then cations use the normal name. If it is an anion, then its name comes last with the “ide” suffix. Examples NH4Cl Ammonium chloride NH4OH Ammonium hydroxide

V. Compounds that Start with Hydrogen Case 1 If the anion ends in “ide” and it is aqueous, then use the prefix hydro and suffix “ic acid” Case 2 If the anion ends in “ate” then drop it and add the suffix “ic acid” Case 3 If the anion ends in “ite” then drop it and add the suffix “ous acid” Case 4 If the anion ends in” ide” and is a gas, or liquid, then leave the name and do not use Latin prefiex

Compounds that Start with Hydrogen Examples HCl (aq) HNO3 HNO2 H2O (l) HCl (g)

Compounds that Start with Hydrogen Examples HCl (aq) chloride HNO3 HNO2 H2O (l) HCl (g)

Compounds that Start with Hydrogen Examples HCl (aq) chloride chloric acid HNO3 HNO2 H2O (l) HCl (g)

Compounds that Start with Hydrogen Examples HCl (aq) chloride chloric acid hydrochloric acid HNO3 HNO2 H2O (l) HCl (g)

Compounds that Start with Hydrogen Examples HCl (aq) chloride chloric acid hydrochloric acid HNO3 nitrate HNO2 H2O (l) HCl (g)

Compounds that Start with Hydrogen Examples HCl (aq) chloride chloric acid hydrochloric acid HNO3 nitrate nitric acid HNO2 H2O (l) HCl (g)

Compounds that Start with Hydrogen Examples HCl (aq) chloride chloric acid hydrochloric acid HNO3 nitrate nitric acid HNO2 nitrite H2O (l) HCl (g)

Compounds that Start with Hydrogen Examples HCl (aq) chloride chloric acid hydrochloric acid HNO3 nitrate nitric acid HNO2 nitrite nitrous acid H2O (l) HCl (g)

Compounds that Start with Hydrogen Examples HCl (aq) chloride chloric acid hydrochloric acid HNO3 nitrate nitric acid HNO2 nitrite nitrous acid H2O (l) oxide HCl (g)

Compounds that Start with Hydrogen Examples HCl (aq) chloride chloric acid hydrochloric acid HNO3 nitrate nitric acid HNO2 nitrite nitrous acid H2O (l) oxide hydrogen oxide HCl (g)

Compounds that Start with Hydrogen Examples HCl (aq) chloride chloric acid hydrochloric acid HNO3 nitrate nitric acid HNO2 nitrite nitrous acid H2O (l) oxide hydrogen oxide HCl (g) chloride

Compounds that Start with Hydrogen Examples HCl (aq) chloride chloric acid hydrochloric acid HNO3 nitrate nitric acid HNO2 nitrite nitrous acid H2O (l) oxide hydrogen oxide HCl (g) chloride hydrogenchloride

The End