Sanitary-hygiene requirements in the field of milk and diary production Quality and clean milk – a guarantee of the future

Structure of presentation  From farm to fork  European legislation  Bulgarian legislation  What is the state of the sector now?  Factors determining the quality of the raw milk  Problems in the production of quality milk  Key indicators in the purchase of raw milk  Requirements for building fund

From farm to fork  Control on the fodders and nutritious supplements for the farm animals  Human attitude to the farm animals  Healthy animals – qualitative raw materials  GPP and НАССР in processing enterprises  Concept for traceability and system for fast warning

European legislation  EU Directive 93/43 ЕЕС on the hygiene of foodstuffs/1993 This document gives a legislative character to the HACCP system, which is based on the requirements of Codex Alimentarius, and accepts the principles of the HACCP system  The EU White Book on food safety (2000) The book gives an analysis of the diseases transmitted through food, and shows the responsibilities of all participants in the food chain (from farm to plate) for the supply of food safety.  Regulation 178/2002, laying down the general principles and requirements of the food law in the EU.

European legislation  Directive 92/46 ЕСС of 1992, laying down the health rules for the production and placing on the market of raw milk, heat-treated milk and milk-based products  Regulation 852/2004/ЕС, laying down the general rules for food businesses for the hygiene of foodstuffs  Regulation 853/2004/ЕС, on the determination of specific hygiene rules for food of animal origin.

Regulation 853/2004/ЕС Regulation 853/2004/ЕС The current Regulation 853/2004/ЕС is not applicable in the case of: The current Regulation 853/2004/ЕС is not applicable in the case of:  a) primary production for private domestic use;  b) the domestic preparation, handling or storage of food for private domestic consumption;  c) the direct supply, by the producer, of small quantities of private products to the final consumer or to local retail establishments directly supplying the final consumers;  г) the direct supply, made by the producer, of small quantities of meat from poultry and lagomorphs slaughtered on the farm, to the final consumer or to local retail establishments directly supplying such meat to the final consumer as fresh meat;  д) hunters who supply small quantities of wild game or wild game meat to the final consumer or to local retail establishments directly supplying to the final consumer.

Can traditional practices for production and processing of milk and meat be preserved and stimulated in HNV sites The member countries establish rules, in accordance with their national legislation, regulating the activities and the establishment listed in Art. 3, (c), (d) and (e). These national rules guarantee that the goals set in the current Regulation will be reached. The Bulgarian legislative framework stipulates harder requirements.

Bulgarian legislation  Strategy for the diary animal husbandry development and improvement of the raw cow milk quality for the period  Law for supporting to agricultural producers.  Law for veterinary activity  Law for foodstuffs

Bulgarian legislation  Ordinance No.44/ for the veterinary requirements for the stock-breeding objects  Ordinance No.51/ for the national reserve, individual milk quotas, purchasers and cow milk purchasing approval  Ordinance No.61/ for the terms and rules for animals’ identification, stock-breeding objects registration and the access to the identified animals data base.  Ordinance No 30

What is the current state? 1. Cow milk  Top-class quality (up to / ml TNM and up to /ml TNSC ) – 16%  I class (up to /ml TNM and TNSC) -35%  II class ( up to /ml TNM and TNSC) – 30%  III class (non-standard) (above /ml TNM and TNSC) – 19% 2. Sheep’s milk  I class (up to /ml TNM and TNSC) – 95%  Non-standard (above /ml TNM and TNSC) – 5%

Factors determining the quality of the raw milk 1. Health status of animals Every farmers should aim at focalizing/ limiting mastitis through:  Daily control on the state of milk and the udder of the diary stock  Follow to the veterinary's instructions

Factors determining the quality of the raw milk 2. Quality of milking machines Every farmer should check that:  The milking machine and all its parameters are in working condition  The milking machine meets the current technical requirements 3. Hygiene of milking  Maintenance of good hygiene in the cattle-shed  Washing and drying of the udder with a separate clean cloth before milking  Usage of clean, disinfected and working milking units

Every diary producer should ensure that: Every diary producer should ensure that:  The raw milk is extracted by farms that are registered and monitored by the NVMS, and meet the zoo-hygiene and veterinary requirements  The rooms for preservation of milk in the farms and the milk-collecting points have adequate cooling equipment and meet the requirements stipulated in Ordinance No 30

Key indicators in purchasing raw milk Milk type /quality/ Degree of refrigeration Acidity Density under 20 C Fat content Dry nonfat residue /DNR/ Total number of microorganis m /TNM/ Total number of somatic cells /TNSC/ Top-class cow milk Up to %8.5% below 300K/ml Below 400 K/ml I class caw milk Up to %8.5% Below 500K/ml I class sheep’s milk Up to until after %10% Below 800K/ml Below 400K/ml I class buffalo-cow milk Up to 8 Up to %9% I class goat milk Up to 8 Up to %8% Below 1500K/ml Below 400K/ml

Key indicators in purchasing raw milk  The raw milk should be clean, without admixtures from other kinds of milk  The milk should not contain alien substances  The milk should not contain pathogenic microorganisms  The milk should not be adulterated  The purchase of raw milk (colostrum) from cows until the seventh day of the calving is not allowed

Gradual improvement of the parameters Directive 92/46/ЕС provisions a transitional period in which Bulgaria will adjust to meet all European standards of the raw milk quality. The requirements stipulated by the EU will be faced in the following stages by years:

Gradual improvement of the parameters  Until 2005 will be purchased Cow milk – of first and top class only Sheep’s and goat milk – of first class only  In The milk classified as first-class should fall off  In 2008 – 2009 The milk classified as top-class will fall off and by the end of 2009 the milk quality will have to meet the requirements of the Directive for extraction of milk of high quality

EVERY MILK PRODUCER SHOULD KNOW THAT  ONLY THE PRODUCTION OF RAW MILK OF QUALITY MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE EUROPEAN STANDARDS WILL GUARANTEE THE PROFITABILITY OF THE FARM!!!

Problems in the production of milk of high quality  Building fund and raising systems not comforting the requirements of Ordinance No 44  Outdated, amortized milking equipment/ units, refrigerators for preservation of milk  Bad hygiene in the premises, bad milking hygiene.

Problems in the production of milk of high quality  Law education of the staff. Lack of motivation.  Poor demand for veterinary services and often incompetent use of veterinary medicines by the owners.  Improper selection of animals, law average productivity.

Problems in the production of milk of high quality  Imbalanced feeding and improper exploitation.  Lack of investments in innovations and modernization of farms.  Poor management.

State of the diary sector in WSP MUNICIPALITY Farms number 1 group 2 group 3 group 1 group 2 group 3 group Berkovitza 1 7 ? Varshetz 1 6 ? Chiprovtzi 1 2 ? G.Damyanovo - - ? Average number of animals 34 17

Conclusions and recommendations  The requirements for hygiene of milk and the building fund cause the highest influence  There is no clarity on the direct marketing practices  There is no clarity on the milk processing on a farm level  There is no nationally represented organisation protecting small and medium-sized milk producers and processors  There is a conflict between legislative norms, regulating organisations of cow milk producers

Conclusions and recommendations Ordinance No 44  This ordinance shall apply for big animal breeding farms only  The ordinance does not stipulate requirements for the necessary pastures and meadows for ruminants – cattle and sheep animals  The ordinance is not applicable in case of traditional animal- breeding systems. For example – breeding of sheep flocks in mobile pens – “egretzi” – on reaped fields  There are no requirements provisioned for animals summer camps located in the mountain  Fattening of calves and lambs using pastures in the mountains is omitted  The ordinance describes “paper” norms for breeding animals disregarding the fact that the norms depend on the applied breeding method  The ordinance should trace the way of developing of both big and small farms

Conclusions and recommendations  Introduction of adjustments to the Bulgarian legislation that will make possible two things:  The processing of milk on the farm level  Application of direct marketing  Establishment of a national organisation of small-sized milk-processors, practicing processing on the farm and supplying directly  Initiation of milk-processors groups on a regional level exercising traditional farming practices

Future development  Introduction of good farming practices for use of pastures, the manure and selection of appropriate systems of breeding and milking  Modernization of the building fund, the pertaining premises, machinery and equipment.

Future development  Introduction of good hygiene practices in SME - F  Investments in farms allowing for the improvement of the efficiency, increase of the competitive power, know-how and use of consulting services

Quality and clean milk – a guarantee of the future

Thank you for your attention! RAAS – Montana RAAS – Montana