The JPARC Neutrino Project – a European Perspective Dave Wark University of Sussex/RAL DESY October 6, 2003

Major Physics Goals of the JPARC – Kamioka Neutrino Project Goals of Phase I:  Observation of   x disappearance determine sin 2 2  23 determine  m 2 23  Search for   e appearance Sensitive to sin 2 2  13 …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

m2m2 sin 2 2    x disappearance …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

 OA2° ~10 2 x (K2K)  m 2 =3x10 -3 eV 2 L=295km  Target Horns Decay Pipe Super-K. Statistics at SK (OAB2deg,1yr,22.5kt) ~4500  tot ~3000  CC e ~0.2% at  peak Off Axis Beam …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

m2m2 sin 2 2    x disappearance   e appearance …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

Key Challenge of the Experiment Looking for changes in the neutrino properties during flight to far detector. So you first must determine the properties of the neutrino beam accurately enough to permit extrapolation to Super Kamiokande. Key properties to determine – –Flux –Energy Spectrum –Intrinsic  e contamination –Backgrounds, mostly from NC events …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

…Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark Why not get beam properties from Monte Carlo? GHEISHA GCALOR ratio

Can we do better? Need better data on pion production from protons collisions with the target. Where to get it: –HARP? Proton beam energy too low Tracking not good enough for high multiplicities –FNAL experiment? Proton beam energy too high Not tuned for high acceptance for low pion energies –New European Experiment? Proton beam energy just right? …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

Hadronic Experiment for the Research of Oscillations (HERO) …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

…Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark Tracking reconstruction efficiency ~100 % for pions of 1 GeV or more Good spatial resolution, particularly near target –Two-track separation –K 0 s tagging Must handle moderate multiplicities (up to 10 tracks) Good P and  resolution (binning) –Bin in 250 MeV of P –In 10 mrads bin Tracking

…Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark Need to separe p/  and  /k up to about 30 GeV. Between 1-3 GeV p/ ,  /k TOF techniques From 3 GeV: Čerenkov, RICH. Redundancy: (cross calibration, efficiency and purity from data): Two Čerenkov detectors. RICH needed above 16 GeV PID Where to site: CERN?DESY?Somewhere else?

Near detectors (280m,2km) Target station Decay volume Transport line (Super-cond. Mag.) Overall Layout of JPARC …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

…Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

MC study for Muon MonitorJ.Kameda (KEK) We can clearly see the beam center by muons. Lower energy muons (<8 GeV/c) have a good sensitivity for magnet field and for the proton beam position.

…Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark Hadronic punch-through from the beam  can’t instrument front part of dump  spectrum biased towards higher energy neutrinos. Seems to yield little info about neutrino spectra…

Near detectors (280m,2km) Target station Decay volume Transport line (Super-cond. Mag.) Overall Layout of JPARC …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

280 m Detector(s) 280m detector group – Kyoto, KEK, Tokyo, Triumf, Boston, Stonybrook, Barcelona, Valencia Idea is to measure properties of the neutrino beam itself and then extrapolate to SK. Detector needs to identify CCQE,  and e inelastics, and NC events  some type of fine-grained tracking calorimeter. –Proton recoils to tag CCQE –Identify  s from inelastics –Distinguish electrons (from e ) and  0 s (from NC) …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

280 m Detector(s) Current thinking leans towards two 280 m detectors. On axis – –Monitor beam flux and alignment –Measure neutrino beam spectrum for MC tuning –Provide information for extrapolation to SK via a matrix approach Off axis – –Confirm matrix beam prediction –Determine e contamination, and measure contributions from K decay –Measure  0 production from NC …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

…Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

280 m Detector(s) The main difficulty is that the near detector is too near to the decay pipe, and therefore sees an extended source. The extrapolation to the far detector is not trivial, and varies rapidly with angle. …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

280 m Detector(s) …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark Spectrum at 280m Spectrum at 295 km Ratio of 2 spectra

280 m Detector(s) The main difficulty is that the near detector is too near to the decay pipe, and therefore sees an extended source. The extrapolation to the far detector is not trivial, and varies rapidly with angle. …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

280 m Detector(s) The main difficulty is that the near detector is too near to the decay pipe, and therefore sees an extended source. The extrapolation to the far detector is not trivial, and varies rapidly with angle. –Make off-axis detector movable …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

280 m Detector(s) The main difficulty is that the near detector is too near to the decay pipe, and therefore sees an extended source. The extrapolation to the far detector is not trivial, and varies rapidly with angle. –Make off-axis detector movable –Must be very fine grained …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

280 m Detector(s) The main difficulty is that the near detector is too near to the decay pipe, and therefore sees an extended source. The extrapolation to the far detector is not trivial, and varies rapidly with angle. –Make off-axis detector movable –Must be very fine grained –Get more than 280m away…. …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

2 km detectors …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

2 km detectors …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

2 km detectors …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

2 km detectors …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

…Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

４０ｍ ４１．４ｍ 50,000 ton water Cherenkov detector (22.5 kton fiducial volume) …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

 e 00  disappearance signal e appearance signal Background from NC interactions …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

…Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

Major Physics Goals of the JPARC – Kamioka Neutrino Project Goals of Phase I:  Observation of   x disappearance determine sin 2 2  23 determine  m 2 23  Search for   e appearance Sensitive to sin 2 2  13 …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

Major Physics Goals of the JPARC – Kamioka Neutrino Project Goals of Phase I:  Observation of   x disappearance determine sin 2 2  23 to ~1% determine  m 2 23  Search for   e appearance Sensitive to sin 2 2  13 …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

Major Physics Goals of the JPARC – Kamioka Neutrino Project Goals of Phase I:  Observation of   x disappearance determine sin 2 2  23 to ~1% determine  m 2 23 to better than 1  eV 2  Search for   e appearance Sensitive to sin 2 2  13 …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

…Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark 2° off axis 3° off axis

Major Physics Goals of the JPARC – Kamioka Neutrino Project Goals of Phase I:  Observation of   x disappearance determine sin 2 2  23 to ~1% determine  m 2 23 to better than 1  eV 2  Search for   e appearance Sensitive to sin 2 2  13 …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

Major Physics Goals of the JPARC – Kamioka Neutrino Project Goals of Phase I:  Observation of   x disappearance determine sin 2 2  23 to ~1% determine  m 2 23 to better than 1  eV 2  Search for   e appearance Sensitive to sin 2 2  13 = at 90% c.l. after 5 years …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

…Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

Major Physics Goals of the JPARC – Kamioka Neutrino Project Goals of Phase I:  Observation of   x disappearance determine sin 2 2  23 to ~1% determine  m 2 23 to better than 1  eV 2  Search for   e appearance Sensitive to sin 2 2  13 = at 90% c.l. after 5 years  Search for   s disappearance Goals of Phase II:  Perform measurement sensitive to non-zero sin  Discovery possible for |  |>20° if sin 2 2  13 > 0.01  Search for proton decay …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

European Activities and Plans Spain –Barcelona – E. Fernandez, F. Sanchez –Valencia – J. Burguet, J.J. Gomez Cadenas, A. Tornero Italy –Napoli – V. Palladino –Padova – M. Mezzetto, M. Laveder –Roma – U. Dore, P. Loverre, L. Ludovici France –Saclay - J. Bouchez, C. Cavata, J. Mallet, L. Mosca, F. Pierre Switzerland –Geneva – A. Blondell, S. Gilardoni, A. Cervera –ETH – A. Rubbia United Kingdom –RAL/Sussex – D. Wark –Imperial College – P. Dornan, K. Long (+ 2 to be named later) –Queen Mary Westfield – P. Harrison, C. Cormack, J. Back –Liverpool – J. Dainton, A. Mehta, C. Tournamanis …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

European Activities and Plans Current activities: Cooperative analysis on HARP A subset have joined and are participating in K2K Active involvement in simulations Some assistance with magnets (Saclay) Plans (currently evolving): 280m – Fine-grained calorimeter, muon monitor 2 km – Fine grained, perhaps liquid argon TPC? HERO (?) Simulation and analysis Meeting at CERN on 21/22 November, all welcome …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

Wire coord. (m) Drift Coord. (m) Zoom View 3.9 m 1.3 m Full 2D view from the Collection Wire Plane T600 Pv: Run Evt 7 …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

…Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark Excuse to build the first magnetized LAr detector?

European Activities and Plans Current activities: Cooperative analysis on HARP A subset have joined and are participating in K2K (mainly Spanish and French) Active involvement in simulations Some assistance with magnets (Saclay) Plans (currently evolving): 280m – Fine-grained calorimeter, muon monitor 2 km – Fine grained, perhaps liquid argon TPC? HERO (?) Simulation and analysis Working meeting at CERN on 21/22 November, all welcome …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

European Activities and Plans Critical weaknesses in the European group which German participation might address: Need more really active European participants Need more beam expertise Need more target expertise Need more detector expertise for 280m and 2km The 2km detector is key to the physics objectives, but funding is not certain – a contribution from Europe to the beam/target would help create the conditions necessary for the 2km to be realized early in the project, and thus offer an opportunity for substantial European participation in the 2km detectors. …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

Conclusions The JPARC neutrino project is an exciting physics opportunity which has great promise to produce the next major advance in neutrino oscillation physics. An effective European collaboration is forming, but needs more people to join in. The project is well enough specified to be low risk, but open enough that very substantial contributions to the physics are there to be made. We would enthusiastically welcome German participation. JOIN US! …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

…Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

 Target Horns Decay Pipe Super-K. Off Axis Beam …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

 Target Horns Decay Pipe Super-K. Off Axis Beam …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark

ccQE inelastic  + n →  + p +n   + n →  + p ( E , p  ) beam energy ccQE cc-inelastic …Neutrino Project JPARC... University of Sussex/RAL DESY Oct. 6 ’03 Dave Wark