4-3 Notes Elements, Isotopes, & Ions

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Presentation transcript:

4-3 Notes Elements, Isotopes, & Ions Chapter 4, Lesson 3

Atomic Number and the Periodic Table An element is a pure substance that can be identified by the number of protons in its nucleus. 6 C Carbon 12.01 6 protons

Atomic Number and the Periodic Table Each atom of a particular element always has the same number of protons. 6 C Carbon 12.01 6 protons

Atomic Number and the Periodic Table The atomic number tells you the element’s number of protons. 6 C Carbon 12.01 6 protons

Atomic Number and the Periodic Table Elements are organized onto a chart called the Periodic Table of the Elements.

Atomic Number and the Periodic Table Elements are arranged horizontally (left to right) by increasing atomic number.

Atomic Number and the Periodic Table They are arranged vertically in columns of elements with similar chemical properties.

Atomic Number and the Periodic Table Elements in the periodic table are mostly metals, but also include nonmetals and semimetals (or metalloids).

Isotopes – Different Numbers of Neutrons The number of protons for an element can NOT change. The number of neutrons CAN change. Isotopes http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078741858/student_view0/brainpop_movies.html#

Isotopes – Different Numbers of Neutrons Atoms of the same element that contain different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes.

Isotopes – Different Numbers of Neutrons The atomic mass of an atom is a decimal, and it represents the average mass of all isotopes of an element. 6 C Carbon 12.01 Atomic Mass

Isotopes – Different Numbers of Neutrons The mass number of an atom is the total number of neutrons plus protons in the atom. You find it by rounding the atomic mass to a whole number. Atomic Mass Number 6 C Carbon 12.01 rounds DOWN to 12 Atomic Mass

Isotopes – Different Numbers of Neutrons To calculate the number of neutrons, subtract the atomic number from the mass number. 6 C Carbon 12.01 Atomic Mass Number 12 6 Atomic Number

Isotopes – Different Numbers of Neutrons Isotopes with more neutrons are heavier than isotopes with fewer neutrons.

Isotopes – Different Numbers of Neutrons The isotope Carbon-14: 14 is the mass number (# of protons + # of neutrons).

Isotopes – Different Numbers of Neutrons Some isotopes are radioactive, and radioactive decay occurs when an unstable nucleus changes into another nucleus by emitting one or more particles and energy. All elements with atomic numbers higher than 92 are synthetic & radioactive elements and exist only because scientists create them.

Isotopes – Different Numbers of Neutrons An isotope of americium is shown releasing an alpha particle. After losing two protons, americium becomes the element neptunium.

Isotopes – Different Numbers of Neutrons

Isotopes – Different Numbers of Neutrons The half-life of a radioactive element is the time it takes to decay to half its original mass. Some elements have a half life of millions of years, some less than a second.

Half-life of a Carbon-14 isotope is 5730 years.

Isotopes – Different Numbers of Neutrons Hydrogen has three isotopes, called: protium, deuterium , and tritium.

Isotopes – Different Numbers of Neutrons Hydrogen has three isotopes, called: protium, deuterium , and tritium.

Isotopes – Different Numbers of Neutrons Hydrogen has three isotopes, called: protium, deuterium , and tritium.

Isotopes – Different Numbers of Neutrons Hydrogen has three isotopes, called: protium, deuterium , and tritium.

Isotopes – Different Numbers of Neutrons Hydrogen has three isotopes, called: protium, deuterium , and tritium.

Ions – Gaining or Losing Electrons The number of electrons CAN change. If this happens, the atom no longer is overall neutral. The atom does not have the same number of protons (+) and electrons (-) An ion is an atom that no longer is neutral because it has gained or lost electrons.

Ions – Gaining or Losing Electrons

Ions – Gaining or Losing Electrons When it loses an electron, it has more protons (positives) than electrons (negatives), and has an overall positive charge. An atom with a positive charge is called a positive ion.

Ions – Gaining or Losing Electrons When it gains an electron, it has more electrons (negatives) than protons (positives). An atom with a negative charge is called a negative ion.

Ions – Gaining or Losing Electrons Positive ions and negative ions attract each other and form compounds. + -

new element molecule ion isotope

A Carbon-14 has a positive charge. B Carbon-13 has a positive charge. D The carbon element has several isotopes. How is carbon-14 different from carbon-13? A Carbon-14 has a positive charge. B Carbon-13 has a positive charge. C Carbon-14 has one more neutron than carbon-13. D Carbon-14 has one less neutron than carbon-13.

What is the number of protons in an element called? A isotope 4.3 Elements, Isotopes, and Ions—How Atoms Differ A B C D What is the number of protons in an element called? A isotope B atomic number C atomic mass D radiotope

How does a neutral atom become a negative ion of the same element? 4.3 Elements, Isotopes, and Ions—How Atoms Differ A B C D How does a neutral atom become a negative ion of the same element? A It gains a proton. B It loses a proton. C It loses an electron. D It gains an electron.

An atom contains 10 electrons, 11 protons, and 11 neutrons An atom contains 10 electrons, 11 protons, and 11 neutrons. What is the charge on the atom? A 1− B 1+ C 2− D 2+

Elements with the same number of protons but differing numbers of neutrons are called ____. A ions B electrons C tritium D isotopes

The atomic mass of an atom is equal to ____. A the number of protons SCI 3.a The atomic mass of an atom is equal to ____. A the number of protons B the number of neutrons C the number of protons and neutrons D the number of electrons and protons

The atomic number of carbon is 6. Carbon-14 contains ____. SCI 7.b The atomic number of carbon is 6. Carbon-14 contains ____. A 7 protons and 7 neutrons B 6 protons and 8 neutrons C 8 protons and 6 neutrons D 6 protons and 6 neutrons

What happens when an atom gains a negative charge? SCI 3.a What happens when an atom gains a negative charge? A The atom gains an electron. B The atom gains a proton. C The atom loses an electron. D The atom loses a proton.

7.2 Isotopes and Radioactivity B C D How long would an 80 g sample of barium-131 take to decay to 5 g if the half-life is 12 days? A 12 days B 6 days C 36 days D 48 days

80 grams 12 days 40 grams 24 days 12 days 20 grams 36 days 12 days 10 grams 48 days 12 days 5 grams

7.2 Isotopes and Radioactivity B C D How long would an 80 g sample of barium-131 take to decay to 5 g if the half-life is 12 days? A 12 days B 6 days C 36 days D 48 days