Body Image Concerns Among College Male Population: Maybe I’m Hot, Maybe I’m Not Department of Psychology Texas A&M University-Kingsville Ronald E. McNair.

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Body Image Concerns Among College Male Population: Maybe I’m Hot, Maybe I’m Not Department of Psychology Texas A&M University-Kingsville Ronald E. McNair Scholars Program Kingsville, TX Faculty Mentor: Dr. Donald W. Daughtry Brenda L. Barrera

Purpose of Research Compare the levels of male body image dissatisfaction in correlation to self-esteem scores and the prevalence of developing an eating disorder.

Male Body Image Dissatisfaction Male body image dissatisfaction has been largely ignored in literature until recently (Mills, D’Alfonso, 2007). APA recognition, Division 51- Psychological Study of Men and Masculinity

Review of Literature Male body image dissatisfaction has increased dramatically from 15% to 43%, almost comparable to women (Goldfield, Blouin, Woodside, 2006). Muscle dsymorphia, bigorexia, megorexia, reverse anerexia nervosa (Mills, D’Alfonso, 2007).

Review of Literature “The Adonis Complex” and increase in muscular appearance in action figures- Pope, Phillips, and Olivardia (2000), Life threatening risks factors (Peters, Phelps, 2001).

Research Questions 1. Does negative body image lead to lower self esteem scores? 2. Does having a negative body image increased men’s pressure to develop an eating disorder?

Methodology Review Literature Design surveys Submit IRB Request permission from Summer II and Fall ‘07 professors Survey students Analyze results (SPSS) Report results

Survey Demographics Body Assessment Scale List of body part- 17 items- 5 point Likert scale Self-Esteem Inventory 10 items- 4 point Likert scale Brief Questionnaire for Eating Disorder Symptoms 12 items- yes/no scale

Sample Size Total Participants N= 82 males TAMUK-Summer Session II and Fall ‘07 Average age: 22 56% Hispanic 42% Seniors 98% Heterosexuals

BAS (17-85)= = most satisfied -chest, abdomen, teeth, and nose

SEI (10-40)= = highest self-esteem -Pride and Respect

ED Symptoms (12-24)= = more likely to have an E.D. Yet most answered yes to: -over exercising -over eating

Results As of now my research questions were rejected No significance in body image dissatisfaction Therefore, no correlations could be made between negative body image and self-esteem nor eating disorder symptoms A positive correlation (0.55). exist between positive BAS and higher SEI.

Positive Correlation

Limitations Small Sample Size Time Constraint The use of instruments that have not yet been psychometrically evaluated

Future Research Cross-cultural Age Groups Adulthood Athletes versus non-athletes Sexual orientation as a risk factor

Acknowledgements TAMUK Special Programs- AVP, Mary Gonzalez Ronald E. McNair Scholars Program Mayra Hough Carmelino Castillo, Jr. Courtney Romo Dr. Donald W. Daughtry IRB Committee Dr. Olivares Faculty Advisory Board Participants Fellow McNair Scholars