HST:583 fMRI Acquisition Lab1 Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli TASKS: Self Reference Sensorimotor Breath holding Sternberg Self ReferenceSternberg Breath holding Sensorimotor

POLITE DARING RUDE Self Reference Task DEPENDABLE “Does this word apply to you?” (self reference condition) or “Is this word positive?” (semantic condition) Stimuli: Trait Adjectives Cue:

Self reference task design Stimuli: trait adjective words Words were drawn from Anderson’s (1968) list of normed trait adjectives. The lists were counterbalanced for word valence, length and number of syllables. Presentation: Words are presented in a blocked design. Each word is presented for 3 sec in blocks of ten and prior to each block onset subjects view a 2 sec cue describing their task for upcoming block. Each block is followed by 10 seconds of a rest condition. Each session has 2 blocks per self reference and 2 blocks per semantic conditions in the ABBA format. Total task time: 3min/session, 4 sessions or 12min

Schematic illustration of cortical midline structures (CMS) MOPFC= medial orbital prefrontal cortex (BA11, BA12) VMPFC = ventromedial prefrontal cortex (BA10, 11) PACC = pre and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (BA24, BA25, BA32) SACC = supragenual anterior cingulate cortex (BA24, BA32) PCC = posterior cingulate cortex (BA23) Northoff Neuroimage 2006

Activation in CMS observed in imaging studies during self related tasks in different domains. Northoff Neuroimage 2006

Graphic representation of localizations of clusters Northoff Neuroimage

Self Reference, Single Subject (self-semantic)

Single subject (4 sessions)

Single subject, one session only

Single Subject Data

Self reference, Group Analysis

Frontal regions are prone to susceptibility artifact

Phase maps: The field map is a 2D gradient echo sequence which acquires an image at 2 different echo times. This sequence generates 2 types of images, a magnitude image and a phase map. The phase map represents the phase differences of the spins which ultimately represent the local field inhomogeneities. You can display this map to see which regions are prone to susceptibility artifacts.

The task consists of a block design with block durations of 16s on/off. When checkerboard appears, subjects presses button using their right index finger and the off-block is fixation/no tapping. There are 15 total, 16s blocks. (4 min) Sensorimotor Task On block parameters: ISI ranges from ms, average ISI = 762ms, std. dev = 156ms. 21 checkerboard flashes per on block, each checkerboard flash duration = 200ms. The sequence begins with an off block.Scanner triggers the paradigm (after the dummy scans). fBIRN ( functional biomedical informatics research network)

Motor and Visual Cortex Motor cortex - BA4 shown in green Visual cortex - BA 17,18,19 from rear view of brain BA 17 is shown in red. BA 18 is orange BA 19 is yellow Brain surface extracted from structural MRI data (Wellcome Dept. Imaging Neuroscience, UCL, UK). Brodmann Area data is based on information from the online Talairach demon (electronic version of Talairach and Tournoux, 1988). You’ll see LEFT motor cortex (green), since the subject is responding with the right hand, and you’ll see bilateral visual cortex.

Example of Sensorimotor Task activation (with visual, motor & auditory) fBIRN ( functional biomedical informatics research network) Gary Glover, Stanford University Note: This task has an additional auditory component so you see temporal lobe activation as well as motor and visual. In addition, the subject is responding with both hands so you see bilateral motor activation as opposed to only the left hemisphere motor (contralateral to response hand)

Breath Holding Task This is a calibration task to measure subjects' global vascular reactivity. The task consists of a block design with alternating on/off blocks of 16-second periods of breath holding and normal breathing. During the off-block, the subject sees a green screen during which they are to breathe normally. During the last 2s of the off-block, the screen becomes yellow, signifying to the subject to take a deep breath in and hold. During the on-block (16s), the subject is shown a red screen, during which time they should hold their breath. The subject resumes breathing when they see a green colored screen. 15 total 16s blocks (4 min) Total task time: 4:06

Breath holding calibration The entire gray matter volume is activated in each subject by the breath-holding task. This sample data is from Stanford’s 3T MRI shows the global response to holding one’s breath for 15 seconds.

Sternberg Item Recognition Paradigm (SIRP) A Working Memory Task Each block is composed of three epochs: learn, encode, and probe: 1.5 sec for the “learn” prompt followed by.5 sec blank screen 6 sec to encode the target digits ( [1, 3, 5] digit sets providing a range of task difficulty) 38 sec for the probe digits (sequential presentation of digits) This means each working memory set lasts a total of 46 seconds. A block of each set size occurs twice in random order within a single run and each working memory set is sandwiched between fixation blocks. The duration of the fixation blocks within a run is random: Total time for all fixation blocks within a run = 78 seconds, (4,20) (min time = 4 sec, max time = 20 sec) Total scan time is thus 46 seconds* seconds+ 6 sec ddas = 360s Total task time: 6:00minTime frames: 180

Sternberg Task: Group analysis (n=10) HIGH (5) – LOW(1) Working Memory Load: Green regions: ROIs of 3 working memory related areas (DLPFC, DLPMC, IPS) and 1 control region (MTG) DLPFC (dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex) DLPMC (dorsal lateral premotor cortex) IPS (intraparietal sulcus) MTG (middle temp gyrus) Stuart Wallace, MIND, BIRN