TM The Human Genome Epidemiology Network (HuGE Net) Muin J. Khoury, MD, Ph.D. Director, CDC Office of Genomics and Disease Prevention

TM “Welcome to the Genomics Era” (NEJM Dec 2003) ”Genetic Testing for Sale” Vineis, P, Christiani, D. Epidemiology Jan 2004

TM

TM Gene-Based Medicine in 2010? “Hypothetical Genetic Test Report” ConditionGenes RR LifetimeConditionGenes RR Lifetime Prostate Ca HPC1, 2, %Prostate Ca HPC1, 2, % Alzheimer’s APOE,FAD3,XAD %Alzheimer’s APOE,FAD3,XAD % Heart disease APOB,CETP %Heart disease APOB,CETP % Colon Cancer FCC4,APC %Colon Cancer FCC4,APC % Lung Cancer NAT %Lung Cancer NAT % Collins FC, New Engl J Med 1999;341:28-37.

TM Genotype prevalence Gene - disease association Gene - gene interactions Gene - environment interactions Assessment of Genetic tests “Systematic application of epidemiologic methods and approaches to assess the impact of human genetic variation on health and disease” Khoury, Little and Burke, HuGE 2004

TM Genotype prevalence Gene - disease association Gene - gene interactions Gene - environment interactions Assessment of Genetic tests “Systematic application of epidemiologic methods and approaches to assess the impact of human genetic variation on health and disease” Khoury, Little and Burke, HuGE 2004 HuGE problem: 25,000 genes, their combinations and interactions with risk factors

TM Risk Factors DemographicsDietOccupationSmokingAlcoholEnvironment AdverseHealthOutcomes The End of Black Box Epidemiology?

TM proteases Preterm Delivery Uterine Contractions Cervical change Infection: - Chorion-Decidual - Systemic Decidual Hemorrhage Abruption CRH E1-E3 Prothrombin G20210A Factor V Leiden Protein C, Protein S Type 1 Plasminogen MTHFR Pathological Uterine Distention Multifetal Pregnancy Polyhydramnios Uterine abnormalities Inflammation Maternal-Fetal Stress Premature Onset of Physiologic Initiators Activation of Maternal/Fetal HPA Axis CRH + + Chorion Decidua uterotonins Mechanical stretch Gap jct IL-8 PGE2 Oxytocin recep PROM Interleukin s TNF-α Fas L Adapted from: C. J. Lockwood, Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 15, 78 (2001) & X. Wangl. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 15, 63 (2001) MMPs Susceptibility to environmenta l toxins CYP1A1 GSTT1 Courtesy S. Dolan MD

TM Primary HuGE Research Agenda and Funding Study Design Single studies (case-control, cohort biobanks) Consortia Implementation Candidate gene selection Risk factor data Outcome data Analysis: G-G, G-E Interpretation Causal inference Risk estimation DisseminationAppraisal Synthesis Reviews Meta-analysis Policy & Practice Identify Knowledge gaps Methodologic problems Research Priorities (Single study) From HuGE Research to Synthesis & Dissemination for Policy and Practice

TM Primary HuGE Research Agenda and Funding Study Design Single studies (case-control, cohort biobanks) Consortia Implementation Candidate gene selection Risk factor data Outcome data Analysis: G-G, G-E Interpretation Causal inference Risk estimation DisseminationAppraisal Synthesis Reviews Meta-analysis Policy & Practice Identify Knowledge gaps Methodologic problems Research Priorities (Single study) From HuGE Research to Synthesis & Dissemination for Policy and Practice HuGE Net

TM Human Genome Epidemiology Network (HuGE Net) Global collaboration of individuals and organizations to assess population impact of genomics and how it can be used to improve health and prevent disease (~700 collaborators, 43 countries)Global collaboration of individuals and organizations to assess population impact of genomics and how it can be used to improve health and prevent disease (~700 collaborators, 43 countries)

TM Human Genome Epidemiology Network (HuGE Net) Information ExchangeInformation Exchange Training and Technical AssistanceTraining and Technical Assistance Knowledge Base DevelopmentKnowledge Base Development Information DisseminationInformation Dissemination Policy DevelopmentPolicy Development

TM Primary HuGE Research Agenda and Funding Study Design Single studies (case-control, cohort biobanks) Consortia Implementation Candidate gene selection Risk factor data Outcome data Analysis: G-G, G-E Interpretation Causal inference Risk estimation DisseminationAppraisal Synthesis HuGE Meta-analysis Policy & Practice Identify Knowledge gaps Methodologic problems Research Priorities (Single study) From HuGE Research to Synthesis & Dissemination for Policy and Practice HuGE Net

TM HuGE Net Products (as of January 10, 2005) Reviews33Reviews33 Fact sheets13Fact sheets13 E-journal clubs53E-journal clubs53 Case studies 4Case studies 4 Genotype Prevalence Database13Genotype Prevalence Database13 Methods workshop/guidelines 2Methods workshop/guidelines 2 Training workshops 6Training workshops 6 Book 1Book 1 Published Literature Database 14,127Published Literature Database 14,127 –# Genes 1710 –# Risk Factors 559 –# Outcomes 1797

TM HuGE Reviews “Systematic Reviews of Gene-Disease Associations” Full ReviewsFull Reviews –Abstract –Gene –Gene variants Prevalence –Disease/Health outcome –Associations –Interactions –Laboratory Tests –Population Testing and other applications –Recommendations for further research Mini-ReviewsMini-Reviews Gene-Disease Association ReviewsGene-Disease Association Reviews Prevalence ReviewsPrevalence Reviews

TM

TM

TM HuGE Reviews by Topic Jan 10, 2005 Cancer13Cancer13 Cardiovascular 4Cardiovascular 4 Birth Defects 4Birth Defects 4 Single Gene Ds 4Single Gene Ds 4 Exposures 3Exposures 3 Others 5Others 5

TM Systematic Reviews of Gene-Disease Associations: GDP Info: Oct 2000-Aug 2004 Category Number% ________________________________________________ Cancer Cardiovascular diseases Mental Health Neurologic diseases Osteoporosis Pregnancy/Reproduction Infectious diseases (all HIV) Diabetes Autoimmune diseases Obesity Arthritis Asthma ______________________________________________

TM

TM

TM Number of Published HuGE Papers* YearPrevalenceAssociations InteractionsYearPrevalenceAssociations Interactions * Data from CDC’s GDP Info 1/2005

TM

TM

TM

TM

TM

TM

TM

TM

TM HuGE Net Next Steps Knowledge base developmentKnowledge base development –Develop tools for synthesis (“Cochrane” manual) –Develop research agenda and Pilot projects Enhance collaborations and information SharingEnhance collaborations and information Sharing –“Network of Networks” –Collaboration with Biobanks Training and technical assistanceTraining and technical assistance Electronic journal (forum for negative studies)Electronic journal (forum for negative studies) Use in public health genetics policy and practiceUse in public health genetics policy and practice

TM Primary HuGE Research Agenda and Funding Study Design Single studies (case-control, cohort biobanks) Consortia Implementation Candidate gene selection Risk factor data Outcome data Analysis: G-G, G-E Interpretation Causal inference Risk estimation DisseminationAppraisal Synthesis HuGE Meta-analysis Policy & Practice Identify Knowledge gaps Methodologic problems Research Priorities (Single study) From HuGE Research to Synthesis & Dissemination for Policy and Practice HuGE Net HuGE Journal