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IGNEOUS ROCKS: forms when magma cools crystals form during cooling

Two types of Igneous Rocks 1.Intrusive 2.Extrusive

Intrusive  Magma cools SLOWLY below Earth’s Surface  LARGE visible crystals  Large crystals have time to form because the cooling process is slow because it is very warm closer to the mantle

Intrusive Igneous: Granite

Where would intrusive igneous rock likely be found?  Inside or below a volcano  In the mantle

Extrusive  Magma cools RAPIDLY above Earth’s surface  Has SMALL microscopic crystals  Crystals do not have time to form (because cooling happens very quickly) so they’re very small

Extrusive Igneous: Basalt

Where would extrusive igneous rock likely be found?  Outside of a volcano  In ridges!

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS  Form when old pieces of rocks have been weathered and combined to make a new rock

Sedimentary Rocks  Formed via 4 step process:  1. Weathering—wind, rain, and chemicals decompose the rocks  2. Erosion—Pieces of rock moved by wind or water  3. Deposition—Pieces dropped in new location  4. Sedimentation—Pieces compressed and cemented together  So, sedimentary rocks are formed where weathering occurs!  On the surface of the earth and near water

Sedimentary Rocks: Imp Point  As sediments continue to stack on top of each other, LAYERS will be formed in the rock  Therefore, sedimentary rocks contained LAYERS called strata

Layers of Sedimentary Rock  The layers that were deposited first will be on the bottom.  So, oldest layers of rock are on the bottom and the newest layers of rock are on the top  Layers of rock can be dated and can tell us a lot of information about the conditions and the species the lived when that rock was deposited  Fossils are often found in layers of sedimentary rock

This picture shows layers of rock on earth. You can see that the deepest layers contain the oldest fossils

Which layer here is the oldest? The newest? Answer:  Kaibab Formation is oldest  Dakota Formation is newest

Rock Layers of the Grand Canyon

Sedimentary Rocks  Sandstone

Sedimentary Rock  Limestone

Sedimentary Rock  siltstone

Metamorphic Rocks  Created when other rocks (sedimentary or igneous) are changed by heat and pressure  Found at / near subduction zones because this is where crust (rock) is pushed downward to areas of heat and pressure!

METAMORPHIC ROCKS

Metamorphic Rocks  Quartzite

Metamorphic Rocks  Marble

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