PHOTOSYNTHESIS: USING LIGHT TO MAKE FOOD

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: USING LIGHT ENERGY TO MAKE FOOD HETEROTROPHS VS AUTOTROPHS? AUTOTROPHS (A.K.A ?) – DEFINITION? TWO TYPES – PHOTOSYNTHETIC VS CHEMOSYNTHETIC

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: USING LIGHT ENERGY TO MAKE FOOD

PHOTOSYNTHESIS OCCURS IN ?? ALL GREEN PARTS OF THE PLANT CONTAIN THEM WHY IS IT ALL THE PARTS ARE GREEN?

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: USING LIGHT ENERGY TO MAKE FOOD CHLOROPHYLL ABSORBS ABSORBS LIGHT ENERGY FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS CHLOROPLASTS ARE CONCENTRATED IN THE MESOPHYLL – MESOPHYLL? HOW DOES CARBON DIOXIDE GET IN?

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: USING LIGHT ENERGY TO MAKE FOOD CHLOROPLAST STRUCTURE

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: USING LIGHT ENERGY TO MAKE FOOD QUICK REVIEW QUESTION…WHERE DOES THE CARBON DIOXIDE WE BREATH OUT COME FROM? WHERE DOES THE WATER WE BREATH OUT COME FROM? WHERE DOES THE OXYGEN PLANTS GIVE OFF COME FROM? USING RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTS WE HAVE BEEN ABLE TO FIGURE OUT WHAT THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS DO

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: USING LIGHT ENERGY TO MAKE FOOD PHOTOSYNTHESIS IS A REDOX RXN!!

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: USING LIGHT ENERGY TO MAKE FOOD PHOTOSYNTHESIS: AN OVERVIEW

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: USING LIGHT ENERGY TO MAKE FOOD PHOTOSYNTHESIS OCCURS IN TWO MAIN STAGES – THE LIGHT REACTION (LIGHT-DEPENDENT RXN) THE LIGHT REACTION DEFINITION – THE DARK REACTION (LIGHT-INDEPENDENT RXN) THE DARK REACTION DEFINITION – CARBON FIXATION

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: USING LIGHT ENERGY TO MAKE FOOD VISIBLE LIGHT DRIVES THE LIGHT REACTION – ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM WAVELENGTHS DETERMINE PROPERTIES

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: USING LIGHT ENERGY TO MAKE FOOD LIGHT ABSORBING PIGMENTS ABSORB LIGHT ENERGY FROM THE VISIBLE SPECTRUM LIGHT ABSORBING PIGMENTS CHLOROPHYLL A CHLOROPHYLL B CAROTENOIDS

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: USING LIGHT ENERGY TO MAKE FOOD PHOTOSYNTHESIS CAPTURES SOLAR ENERGY PHOTONS – DEFINTION? PHOTOSYSTEMS – DEFINITION?

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: USING LIGHT ENERGY TO MAKE FOOD TWO TYPES OF PHOTOSYSTEMS PHOTOSYSTEM I (P 700) PHOTOSYSTEM II (P 680) NAMED IN ORDER OF DISCOVERY, NOT ORDER THEY OCCUR

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: USING LIGHT ENERGY TO MAKE FOOD THE LIGHT REACTION – GENERATES ATP, NADPH, AND OXYGEN – OCCURS IN THE THYLAKOIDS

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: USING LIGHT ENERGY TO MAKE FOOD THE LIGHT REACTION

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: USING LIGHT ENERGY TO MAKE FOOD THE LIGHT REACTION (IN WORDS) – LIGHT ENERGY FROM THE SUN IS ABSORBED BY ELECTRONS OF CHLOROPHYLL IN THE PHOTOSYSTEMS – THOSE ELECTRONS ARE REPLACED WHEN WATER IS SPLIT BY PHOTOLYSIS – THE HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS FROM THE PHOTOSYSTEMS ARE PASSED THROUGH ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAINS IN THE THYLAKOID MEMBRANES – THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAINS CREATE A PROTON GRADIENT ACROSS THE THYLAKOID MEMBRANE – CHEMIOSMOSIS POWERS ATP PRODUCTION (PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION) – THE FINAL PRODUCTS ARE ATP, NADPH, AND OXYGEN!!!

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: USING LIGHT ENERGY TO MAKE FOOD THE DARK REACTION (A.K.A. CALVIN CYCLE) THE DARK REACTION

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: USING LIGHT ENERGY TO MAKE FOOD THE DARK REACTION – AT THIS POINT, LIGHT ENERGY HAS BEEN CONVERTED INTO ATP AND NADPH – THE DARK REACTION (LIGHT-INDEPENDENT REACTION) CONVERTS THAT ENERGY INTO THE CHEMICAL ENERGY OF AN ORGANIC COMPOUND

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: USING LIGHT ENERGY TO MAKE FOOD

CALVIN CYCLE (STEPS) – 3 CO 2 ENTER THE STROMA, AND WITH THE HELP OF THE ENZYME RUBISCO COMBINES WITH 3 MOLECULES OF THE 5-CARBON COMPOUND RIBULOSE BIPHOSPHATE (RUBP) – THIS RESULTS IN 6 MOLECULES OF THE 3-CARBON COMPOUND PGA (PHOSPHOGLYCERATE) – THE ENERGY FROM ATP AND NADPH IS USED TO CONVERT THE 6 PGA’S INTO 6 G3P MOLECULES (GLYCERALDEHYDE- PHOSPHATE) – 1 3-CARBON G3P MOLECULE IS GIVEN OFF, THE OTHER FIVE ARE USED TO REGENERATE THE ORIGINAL 5-CARBON RUBP

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: USING LIGHT ENERGY TO MAKE FOOD

WE REFER TO MOST PLANTS AS C-3 PLANTS, BECAUSE THEIR PHOTOSYNTHETIC PATHWAY CREATES A 3-CARBON COMPOUND INITIALLY IN THE CALVIN CYCLE HOWEVER, WHAT HAPPENS IF THE STOMATES ARE OPEN TOO LONG? WHAT HAPPENS IF THE CLIMATE IS TOO HOT? PHOTORESPIRATION RESULTS WHEN STOMATES ARE CLOSED FOR EXTENDED PERIODS – PHOTORESPIRATION  DEF??

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: USING LIGHT ENERGY TO MAKE FOOD C4 AND CAM PLANTS HAVE ADAPTATIONS TO SAVE WATER – HAVE EXTRA STEPS INVOLVED IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS TO CONSERVE WATER

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: USING LIGHT ENERGY TO MAKE FOOD C4 PLANTS HAVE AN ENZYME THAT CREATE A 4 CARBON COMPOUND FROM CO 2

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: USING LIGHT ENERGY TO MAKE FOOD WHAT ADVANTAGE IS THEIR FOR A C4 PLANT? WHY BOTHER CONVERTING THE CO 2 ? WHAT ABOUT CAM PLANTS? – CAM = CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM – CO 2 IS CONVERTED TO CRASSULACEAN ACID FIRST – TYPICALLY ONLY OCCURS IN DESERT PLANTS; STOMATES ONLY OPEN AT NIGHT – IF THEY ARE ONLY OPEN AT NIGHT, WHY IS THIS PROCESS SO IMPORTANT?

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: USING LIGHT ENERGY TO MAKE FOOD HOW DOES PHOTOSYNTHESIS HELP TO COUNTERACT GLOBAL WARMING??

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: USING LIGHT ENERGY TO MAKE FOOD WHEN WE DREW THE CROSS SECTION OF A LEAF, WE SAW IT WAS MADE UP OF MANY CELLS…BUT HOW DO WE GO FROM SINGLE CELLED ORGANISMS, TO MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS?? YOU’LL JUST HAVE TO COME BACK TO FIND OUT!!!!!

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: USING LIGHT ENERGY TO MAKE FOOD