Pacific Regional Workshop - Linking Population and Housing with Agricultural Censuses Noumea, New Caledonia 28 May - 1 June 2012 Concepts Agricultural Censuses

Pacific Regional Workshop - Linking Population and Housing with Agricultural Censuses Noumea, New Caledonia 28 May - 1 June 2012 Enumeration Units Household Agricultural Holding (divided into parcels and plots) Agricultural Holding (divided into parcels and plots) Farm Household Non Household Corporations Gov’t Enterprise Non Household Corporations Gov’t Enterprise Population Census Agriculture Census Various relationships 1 household to holding 1household manages more than 1 holding More than one household manages 1 holding Various relationships 1 household to holding 1household manages more than 1 holding More than one household manages 1 holding Holder

Pacific Regional Workshop - Linking Population and Housing with Agricultural Censuses Noumea, New Caledonia 28 May - 1 June 2012 What is agriculture? Agriculture starts with mapping to ISIC classification of agriculture – Crops, livestock and aquaculture Agriculture census also includes fisheries as an important activity Global Strategy – broader view of agriculture Broad definition of agriculture – e.g. crop production, fisheries, forestry, food security

Pacific Regional Workshop - Linking Population and Housing with Agricultural Censuses Noumea, New Caledonia 28 May - 1 June 2012 Household Concept Household makes common provision for food and other living essentials (WCA 2010) May be a one person household or a multi-person household A household may live in the same dwelling or multiple dwelling units Multiple households may share a dwelling unit Examples: students sharing a house; extended family with common cooking arrangements but multiple dwellings; polygamous households with common head

Pacific Regional Workshop - Linking Population and Housing with Agricultural Censuses Noumea, New Caledonia 28 May - 1 June 2012 Farm /Agricultural Household (1) “A farm household is a household in which one or more household members are engaged in agricultural production activities. A farm household usually corresponds to an agricultural holding. However, there could be more than one agricultural holding in a farm household, or more than one farm household in an agricultural holding.” WCA 2010

Pacific Regional Workshop - Linking Population and Housing with Agricultural Censuses Noumea, New Caledonia 28 May - 1 June 2012 Farm /Agricultural Household (2) Own account agricultural production only Households with farm labourers/workers not included Special Cases Farms with own legal status (companies etc). Can be family farms with legal form of a company More of a concern in developed countries

Pacific Regional Workshop - Linking Population and Housing with Agricultural Censuses Noumea, New Caledonia 28 May - 1 June 2012 Identifying Farm Households: Seychelles Seychelles Population and Housing Census: Questions identifying farm households

Pacific Regional Workshop - Linking Population and Housing with Agricultural Censuses Noumea, New Caledonia 28 May - 1 June 2012 Identifying farm households : Employment and Self Employment Population censuses already ask about employment and self employment May miss farm households due to – Short reference period of 1 week: misses seasonal workers – Refers to principal occupation – may miss own account farming/fishing which is a secondary or tertiary activity

Pacific Regional Workshop - Linking Population and Housing with Agricultural Censuses Noumea, New Caledonia 28 May - 1 June 2012 Identifying farm households : Employment and Self Employment Guam Population and Housing Census 2010

Pacific Regional Workshop - Linking Population and Housing with Agricultural Censuses Noumea, New Caledonia 28 May - 1 June 2012 Identifying farm households : Employment and Self Employment Wallis and Futuna Population and Housing Census What was your status during the week preceding the interview 18. What is your profession? ….. 24.Have you an additional field of activity? Agriculture Hunting Fishing Traditional Artisan Street trader Tourist services Other –odd jobs etc

Pacific Regional Workshop - Linking Population and Housing with Agricultural Censuses Noumea, New Caledonia 28 May - 1 June 2012 Agricultural Holding “an economic unit of agricultural production under single management comprising all livestock kept and all land used wholly or partly for agricultural production purposes, without regard to title, legal form, or size” WCA 2010

Pacific Regional Workshop - Linking Population and Housing with Agricultural Censuses Noumea, New Caledonia 28 May - 1 June 2012 Agricultural Holding Characteristics Most countries population census identifies farm household not holding Holding is defined by particular agricultural activities and management of those activities –Management not ownership In practice cut offs often applied Land can be contiguous or in separate locations –Once there are shared inputs such as labour, farm buildings, machinery and animals –Household need not have land e.g. Keeping livestock next to the house

Pacific Regional Workshop - Linking Population and Housing with Agricultural Censuses Noumea, New Caledonia 28 May - 1 June 2012 Parcel and Plot Holding is divided into parcels > parcels divided into plots Parcel – “any piece of land, of one land tenure type, entirely surrounded by other land, water, road, forest or other features not forming part of the holding of forming part of the holding under a different land tenure type.” Distinguished by tenure Distinguished by land not part of holding – often by physical characteristics

Pacific Regional Workshop - Linking Population and Housing with Agricultural Censuses Noumea, New Caledonia 28 May - 1 June 2012 Parcel and Plot (2) “a plot is a part or whole of a field on which a specific crop or crop mixture is cultivated” Distinguished by single crop, mixed crops or scattered or fallow land

Pacific Regional Workshop - Linking Population and Housing with Agricultural Censuses Noumea, New Caledonia 28 May - 1 June 2012 Agricultural Holder “civil or juridical person who makes the major decision regarding resource use and exercises management control over the agricultural holding operation.” Management not ownership An agricultural holding is always under single management - one holder per holding. Not a hired manager

Pacific Regional Workshop - Linking Population and Housing with Agricultural Censuses Noumea, New Caledonia 28 May - 1 June 2012 Non Household Holdings Holdings can be household sector or corporations/institutions Holding can be a family farm or a legally defined entity Non-household agriculture holdings not collected through population census Basic information from farm registers, business registration or licensing system, farm associations

Pacific Regional Workshop - Linking Population and Housing with Agricultural Censuses Noumea, New Caledonia 28 May - 1 June 2012 Linking households to holdings Usually one to one correspondence farm household and holding Special Cases: One household manages more than one holding –Eg married couple living with parents Two (or more) households manage one holding –E.g. Joint holding operated together with another household or several households –Household may also have its own separate holding Often difficult to identify these special cases

Pacific Regional Workshop - Linking Population and Housing with Agricultural Censuses Noumea, New Caledonia 28 May - 1 June 2012 One to One Correspondence

Pacific Regional Workshop - Linking Population and Housing with Agricultural Censuses Noumea, New Caledonia 28 May - 1 June 2012 One household manages two holdings

Pacific Regional Workshop - Linking Population and Housing with Agricultural Censuses Noumea, New Caledonia 28 May - 1 June 2012 Two households manage one holding

Pacific Regional Workshop - Linking Population and Housing with Agricultural Censuses Noumea, New Caledonia 28 May - 1 June 2012 Examples: linking multiple households and holdings Small proportion of the census or sample – usually 1% or less Does not usually affect estimates Countries often equate the farm household with the holding – In this case one should avoid double counting Identify multiples during enumeration to avoid double counting of holdings

Pacific Regional Workshop - Linking Population and Housing with Agricultural Censuses Noumea, New Caledonia 28 May - 1 June 2012 Key issue is identifying the farm operators & therefore the households they belong to

Pacific Regional Workshop - Linking Population and Housing with Agricultural Censuses Noumea, New Caledonia 28 May - 1 June 2012 Sub holding and sub-holder Different members of the same household responsible for managing particular operations of the holding Delegated management of some activities but holder retains overall management Sub-holding: activity or group of activity managed on behalf of holder – By one or more persons in the household – Single plot, whole field, whole parcel – Similar to plot manager or field operator Sub-holder: person who manages the sub-holding on the behalf of holder – May be more than one sub-holder per holding Example: Holder is male, responsible as sub-holder for cash crops; sub-holder is the wife who manages the kitchen garden

Pacific Regional Workshop - Linking Population and Housing with Agricultural Censuses Noumea, New Caledonia 28 May - 1 June 2012 Sub-holding and sub holder (2) Level of management, decision making and delegation of authority distinguishes from household with two holdings – Separate management units – two holdings – Delegated management – responsible only for some operations of the holding – sub holdings Identifies crop and livestock activities taken under the operation/management of women Role of women in decision making in the households