The Roaring Life Of The 1920s Section 1: Changing Ways of life
PROBLEMS OF ENFORCEMENT PROHIBITION ROOTS OF PROHIBITION 18TH AMENDMENT VOLSTEAD ACT PROBLEMS OF ENFORCEMENT
Objective…. Explain how urbanization created a new way of life that often clashed with the values of traditional rural society.
ANTI-ALCOHOL MOVEMENTS HAD BEEN GAINING STRENGTH THROUGHOUT THE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURY “DRUNKARDS PROGRESS” POSTER THAT WAS ISSUED IN SEVERAL FORMATS THROUGHOUT THE 19TH CENTURY SHOWING THE PROGRESSION FROM “A GLASS OF WINE WITH A FRIEND” TO “DEATH BY SUICIDE”.
PROPAGANDA POSTERS, CARTOONS IN FAVOR OF PROHIBITION
CARRY NATION, A LEADING ACTIVIST OF THE ANTI-TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT SHE, ALONG WITH OTHER WOMEN, WOULD INVADE SALOONS AND SMASH THEM WITH HER AXE. SHE HELPED TO GARNER PUBLIC SUPPORT TO OUTLAW BOOZE.
BILLY SUNDAY WAS A BASEBALL PLAYER WHO BECAME AN EVANGELIST CRUSADING FOR THE PROHIBITION OF ALCOHOL IN AMERICA
The 1920 Census… What did the 1920 census reveal about American society? 2) Describe how small town rural life style differed from the large city urban environment?
What is Prohibition? The "Great Experiment” The 18th Amendment… Passed by Congress in 1917, and ratified by 3/4 of states by 1919… prohibited the manufacture or sale of alcoholic beverages within the boundaries of the U.S. When enacted President Hoover said, "Our country has deliberately undertaken a great social and economic experiment, noble in motive and far-reaching in purpose” ….It "was undertaken to reduce crime and corruption, solve social problems, reduce the tax burdened created by prisons and poorhouses, and improve health and hygiene in America."
What is Prohibition?
Wet vs. Dry
Prohibition is an issue from WWI…
8. Why was prohibition repealed? 4. Who supported prohibition at this time? 6. Why did they support prohibition? 5. Who opposed prohibition at this time? 7. Why did they oppose prohibition? 8. Why was prohibition repealed?
The 18th Amendment is passed
THE 18TH AMENDMENT WAS ENFORCED BY THE VOLSTEAD ACT, WHICH PASSED DESPITE PRESIDENT WILSON’S VETO IN 1919 VOLSTEAD ACT, LAWS THAT PROVIDED FOR THE ENFORCEMENT OF PROHIBITION, BUT IT WAS NEVER PROPERLY ENFORCED DUE TO LACK OF MONEY CONGRESSMAN ANDREW VOLSTEAD
THE 18TH AMENDMENT, 1919, MADE PROHIBITION THE LAW OF THE LAND AMENDMENT XVIII SECTION 1. AFTER ONE YEAR FROM THE RATIFICATION OF THIS ARTICLE THE MANUFACTURE, SALE, OR TRANSPORTATION OF INTOXICATING LIQUORS WITHIN, THE IMPORTATION THEREOF INTO, OR THE EXPORTATION THEREOF FROM THE UNITED STATES AND ALL TERRITORY SUBJECT TO THE JURISDICTION THEREOF FOR BEVERAGE PURPOSES IS HEREBY PROHIBITED. SECTION 2. THE CONGRESS AND THE SEVERAL STATES SHALL HAVE CONCURRENT POWER TO ENFORCE THIS ARTICLE BY APPROPRIATE LEGISLATION. SECTION 3. THIS ARTICLE SHALL BE INOPERATIVE UNLESS IT SHALL HAVE BEEN RATIFIED AS AN AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION BY THE LEGISLATURES OF THE SEVERAL STATES, AS PROVIDED IN THE CONSTITUTION, WITHIN SEVEN YEARS FROM THE DATE OF THE SUBMISSION HEREOF TO THE STATES BY THE CONGRESS.
The Volstead Act…
THE VOLSTEAD ACT IN ACTION ASK STUDENTS WHAT IS HAPPENING IN THE PHOTOGRAPHS. ANSWER: RAIDS ON HOME-BREWED BEER. THE PHOTOGRAPH IN THE LOWER RIGHT HAND CORNER IS OF AL CAPONE’S BROTHER. SEE FOLLOWING SLIDES FOR MORE ON AL CAPONE.
9) The “speakeasy’…
Speakeasies…
Tip-over Raids
DEATHS DUE TO ALCOHOL, COOK COUNTY, ILLINOIS 1910-1926 WAS PROHIBITION EFFECTIVE IN STOPPING VIOLENCE AND DEATH DUE TO ALCOHOL BASED ON THIS CHART ALONE? ANSWER: THERE WERE MORE DEATHS DUE TO ALCOHOL AFTER PROHIBITION THAN BEFORE. DEATHS DUE TO ALCOHOL, COOK COUNTY, ILLINOIS 1910-1926 SOURCE: US SENATE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE HEARINGS ON NATIONAL PROHIBITION, 1926
Per Capita Consumption of Alcoholic Beverages 1910-1929 .
“I believe this diabolical thing- Prohibition was brought about by old maids, broken down preachers and politicians, rack-eteers, grafters and others looking for notoriety, and its administration is conducted by much the same class. Legislation by hypocrites- administration by grafters- is the politics of America. I believe that whiskey is the least harmful, and best all-round remedy we have in pharmacopeia.” -Dr. Harry L. Randal
What effect did prohibition have on organized crime?
11) Al Capone “Scarface” 1899-1947 Chicago- Italian gang leader.. “The most notorious gangster in the history of the nation”
AL CAPONE A.K.A SCARFACE AL CAPONE GREW UP IN NEW YORK AND BEGAN HIS CRIMINAL CAREER RUNNING ERRANDS FOR THE LOCAL GANGSTER, JOHNNY TORRIO. TORRIO SERVED AS A ROLE MODEL SINCE HE WAS A GENTLEMANLY GANGSTER WHO SEPARATED HIS BUSINESS FROM HIS PRIVATE LIFE. CAPONE’S NEXT FORAY INTO CRIME WAS UNDER FRANK “YALE” WHO WAS THE OPPOSITE OF TORRIO, RULING HIS EMPIRE THROUGH VIOLENCE. CAPONE GOT HIS 3 SCARS AFTER OFFENDING A GANGSTER IN THE BAR HE WORKED IN. WHEN CAPONE’S FATHER DIED IN 1920 HE TURNED AWAY FROM LEGITIMATE BUSINESS ENTERPRISES ALTOGETHER AND ROSE TO BECOME ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS DEALERS OF ALCOHOL DURING THE PROHIBITION ERA. HE WAS ULTIMATELY CHARGED WITH INCOME TAX EVASION AND SENTENCED TO 10 YEARS IN A FEDERAL PRISON AND 1 YEAR IN THE COUNTY JAIL AND HAD TO PAY FINES.
"I make my money by supplying a public demand "I make my money by supplying a public demand. If I break the law, my customers who number hundreds of the best people in Chicago, are as guilty as I am. The only difference is that I sell and they buy. Everybody calls me a racketeer. I call myself a businessman.“ - Al Capone
Capone’s income by 1929… 100 million per year… $60,000,000 - Speakeasies, night clubs, distilleries & breweries $25,000,000 - Gambling $10,000,000 - Brothels $10,000,000 other rackets 600 gangster employees
Al Capone’s Earning Comparison 1925-1930 2012 Al Capone $100,000,000 $1.1 Billion Babe Ruth $110,000 $1.2 Million President Hoover $80,000 $860,000 U.S. worker $2,000 $22,000
The fall of Al Capone… 1931 convicted of tax evasion 11 years in prison… sent to Alcatraz Released 1939.. No longer able to sell illegal alcohol Weak health… the effects of VD Died in 1947 (Age 49)
The St. Valentines Day Massacre
A MAJOR EFFECT OF PROHIBITION WAS THE RISE OF CRIMINAL ORGANIZATIONS FORMED TO SATISFY THE DEMANDS OF AMERICANS WHO DECIDED THEY WANTED LIQUOR IN SPITE OF THE 18TH AMENDMENT AND VOLSTEAD ACT. SAINT VALENTINES DAY MASSACRE. EVEN NORMAL CITIZENS BEGAN BREAKING THE LAW TO SECURE ALCOHOL
12) Why do you think the 18th Amendment failed?
Prohibition humor: “Among the Bootleggers”
“The reign of tears is over. The slums will soon be a memory “The reign of tears is over. The slums will soon be a memory. We will turn our prisons into factories and our jails into storehouses and corncribs. Men will walk upright now, women will smile and children will laugh. Hell will be forever for rent.” --Reverend Billy Sunday Before prohibition: 5.6 murders per 100,000 After prohibition: 10 murders per 100,000
Science and Religion Clash Objective… Describe the controversy over the role of science and religion in American education and society in the 1920s.
13) I & E: The Scopes Trial 14) Describe the difference between what a Creationist (fundamentalist) believed and what a Evolutionist (Darwinist or modernist) believed.
Guide questions… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rhE26ooD_Vo The Scopes trail pitted ____________ against __________. ________ is responsible for the theory evolution? The prosecuting attorney… The defense attorney… The legal outcome of the Scopes Trial…
Explain how this picture illustrates the Scopes Trial controversy?
The Evolution of Man Charles Darwin
“The Monkey Trial” Fundamentalists… The Holy Bible State of TE Wm. J. Bryan… Modernists… Charles Darwin & Evolution… ACLU… John Scopes… Clarence Darrow… John Scopes Defendant
John Scopes: Defendant Biology teacher
Clarence Darrow: Defense Lawyer
Wm. Jennings Bryan The Prosecutor
Clarence Darrow & Wm J. Bryan
The Evolution of Man Charles Darwin
19. What was the outcome of the Scopes trial? 15. Who were Darrow’s main supporters? 16. Who were Bryan’s main supporters? 17. Why did they support him? 18. Why did they support him? 19. What was the outcome of the Scopes trial?
What is the significance of the Scopes Trial?… “The Monkey Trial” What is the significance of the Scopes Trial?…