BNI-ART Institute BU School of Public Health & Boston Medical Center Brief Intervention Brief Negotiated Interview (BNI) & Motivational Interviewing How To Do…

SBIRT Toolbox Outline Motivational Interviewing principles and skills practice Brief Negotiated Interview algorithm Live demonstration Practice SBIRT with case studies

WHY DO SBIRT? 200 Homeless patients with alcohol dependence MGH ED in 1962 Chafetz et al. Establishing treatment relations with alcoholics.. J Nerv Ment Dis 1962; 134:

Two Approaches to talking to patients about alcohol or drugs Doctor ADoctor B

Blaise Pascal: Pensées “People are generally better persuaded by the reasons which they have themselves discovered than by those which have come in to the mind of others.”

Motivational Interviewing (MI) Patient-centered Goal-directed (behavior change) Helps resolve ambivalence A-C-E affirms client’s Autonomy Collaboration between pt & practitioner Elicits patient’s intrinsic motivation & reasons for change

Motivational Interviewing Standard of Care

Brief Negotiated Interview: A collaborative conversation about health promotion (shared agenda) patients as expert in their lives listening not telling – silence – OARS open-ended questions, affirmations, reflective listening, summaries Patient Voice and Choice

OARS: Closed v.s. Open Questions OPEN What worries you most about your current situation? What changes have you noticed? How so? CLOSED Are you worried about your current situation? Have you noticed changes? Do you care about your health?

OARS: Affirmations  Statements and gestures that recognize strengths and acknowledge behaviors that lead in the direction of positive change –I am really impressed with the way you …. –That ’ s great how you ’ ve reached your goal of cutting back on your drug use. –Using protection shows that you have real respect for yourself and your partners.

Communication Model From Thomas Gorden

OARS: Reflective Listening 3 Levels Repeat - restate using the same words Rephrase - use synonyms Paraphrase - infer meaning behind the words or emphasize emotional aspects Client: “I got jumped outside the bar. They probably saw me as an easy mark because I was stumbling a little bit. It really sets me off.” Practitioner: “You don’t like being unable to defend yourself.”

OARS: Summaries Transition or ending statements Collect “change talk” statements Present bouquet of patient’s own reasons for change Summary Intros: “Here is what I’ve heard so far…..What did I miss? “We’ve gone over quite a bit. Let me make sure I am understanding you…”

Brief Negotiated Interview: Guiding not directing –avoid the “ righting reflex ” Client as decision maker Patient Voice and Choice

OARS Tally

In His Own Words Dr. Miller explains MI

The BNI Algorithm

Would you mind taking a few minutes to talk about your [X] use? Before we go further, I’d like to learn a little more about you. What is a typical day like for you? Where does your [X] use fit in? 1.Build rapport BNI ALGORITHM Help me understand through your eyes the good things about using [X]? What are some of the not so good things about using [X]? 2. Ask about Pros & Cons So on the one hand you said, and on the other hand. Summarize

Ask permission Give information Elicit reaction BNI ALGORITHM I have some information on low-risk guidelines for drinking, would you mind if I shared them with you? We know that drinking 4 or more (F)/ 5 or more (M) in 2hrs more than 7(F)/14(M) in a week use of illicit drugs can put you at risk for illness and injury. It can also cause health problems like [insert medical information]. What are your thoughts on that? 3. Feedback

4. Readiness to Change BNI ALGORITHM This Readiness Ruler is like the Pain Scale we use in the hospital. On a scale from 1- 10, with one being not ready at all and 10 being completely ready, how ready are you to change your [X] use? You marked ___. That’s great. That means you’re ___% ready to make a change. Why did you choose that number and not a lower one like a 1 or 2? Readiness ruler Reinforce positives

Create action plan BNI ALGORITHM What are some options/steps that will work for you? What do you think you can do to stay healthy and safe? What will help you to reduce the things you don’t like about using [X]? Tell me about a time when you overcame challenges in the past. What kinds of resources did you call upon then? Which of those are available to you now? Identify strengths & supports

BNI ALGORITHM Those are great ideas! Is it okay for me to write down your plan, your own prescription for change, to keep with you as a reminder? Will you summarize the steps you will take to change your [X] use? I’ve written down your plan, a prescription for change, to keep with you as a reminder. 5. Prescription for Change Write down action plan

BNI ALGORITHM Give referrals if appropriate: -Outpatient counseling -Suboxone, methodone clinic -Needle exchange -NA/AA -Primary Care -Mental Health -Shelter -Handouts/Information Thank you for sharing with me today. Seal the deal Thank the patient

The BNI in practice Having a conversation with a heroin user