Instrument Adron-RM for ExoMars 2018 Igor Mitrofanov, Adron-RM PI Sergey Nikiforov, Adron-RM Instrument manager Space Research Institute (IKI) nikiforov@l503.iki.rssi.ru ExoMars Science Working Team #7 ALTEC, Torino, 9 – 10 December 2014

The main scientific objectives of the 2018 ExoMars mission are: The 2018 mission of the ExoMars program will deliver a European rover and a Russian surface platform to the surface of Mars. The ExoMars rover will travel across the Martian surface to search for signs of life. It will collect samples with a drill and analyze them with instruments. The main scientific objectives of the 2018 ExoMars mission are: To search for signs of past and present life Investigate the geologic, geochemical, and volatile environment as a function of depth in the shallow subsurface The main scientific objectives of Adron-RM are: To investigate the bulk hydrogen content of the upper ~1 m of the subsurface To Monitor radioactive environment of Rover’s vicinity Monitoring of Solar flares ExoMars Science Working Team #7, 9 – 10 December 2014

DAN/MSL: Prototype of the Adron-RM DAN/PNG DAN/DE Thermal/Epithermal neutrons (Active mode) (Passive mode) Neutron variations in the floor of Gale crater 0 200 400 600 Covered Distance, m ExoMars Science Working Team #7, 9 – 10 December 2014

DAN/MSL: Prototype of the Adron-RM How Adron-RM can help ExoMars Average counting rate Points of Interest

Adron-RM & WISDOM observations WISDOM is a ground-penetrating radar. By studying reflections it is possible to identify underground targets down to 2 - 3 m depth. Also it’s planning that WISDOM will work in synergy with Adron-RM. The last is able to detect neutrons with penetration depths up to 1 m. 0m 1m 2m 3m WISDOM & Adron-RM experimentation on ExoMars ExoMars Science Working Team #7, 9 – 10 December 2014

STM Mech. equipment + stand-offs Adron-RM: Schedule 09/14 12/14 01/15 02/15 03/15 04/15 STM Hardware SWIS Layer 1 delivery STM Mech. equipment + stand-offs STM Mech. & Temp. tests SWIS Layer 2 delivery STM delivery Will be used as Lab Model EIS: September 2015 EQM: April 2016 FM: May 2016 PPRM: February 2016 (STM will be used) FS: will be delivered by request ExoMars Science Working Team #7, 9 – 10 December 2014

STM

Adron-RM specification Detector unit Components Functions CTEN He3 counter + Mechanical frame Detection of thermal and epithermal neutrons (0.01 – 100 eV) CEN Mechanical frame + Cd shield Detection of epithermal neutrons (0.4 – 100 eV) The instrument contains two detectors based on 3He proportional counters. One of the detectors has the cadmium shield which absorbs neutrons below the energy of 0.4 eV. front rear ExoMars Science Working Team #7, 9 – 10 December 2014

Preliminary Surface operation plans: Adron-RM Data budget Preliminary data budget: Fast Passive: about 400 Kbyte for one neutron generator measurement Passive monitoring: about 50 Kbyte / per hour Standby: about 20 Kbyte / per hour Type Volume of frame Standby frame Estimated 90 byte Passive frame Estimated 154 byte Fast passive frame Estimated 1 Kbyte Preliminary Surface operation plans: First Sols (1-10): Only Passive monitoring. Maximum data per Sol – 0,1 Mbyte; Sols (10-20): Fast Passive measurements and Passive monitoring. Maximum data per Sol – 1 Mbyte; Sols (20-…): Passive monitoring as much as possible. Maximum data per Sol – 0,8 Mbyte; ExoMars Science Working Team #6, 4 – 6 February 2014

Thermal neutrons Adron observations Neutron pulse Russian Landing Platform (picture of the concept) ADRON Neutron generator + Gamma-Ray and Neutron detectors ExoMars rover Distance between instruments: up to 10 m Adron-RM Neutron Detector Neutron pulse Thermal neutrons

Adron-RM: Calibration facilities Joint Institute For Nuclear Research, Dubna Calibration facilities in Dubna were used for the DAN instrument calibrations. This facilities allow to vary distribution of hydrogen under the instrument. Another point, that there will be performed calibrations with neutron generator. This is important to calibrate simultaneous work between instruments on the Rover and on the Russian Landing Platform. ExoMars Science Working Team #7, 9 – 10 December 2014

Adron-RM: Calibration facilities Melnikov Permafrost Institute, Yakutsk Founded in 1960, the Permafrost Institute, a member institution of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, is dedicated to basic and applied investigations in two broad areas: permafrost evolution in relation to natural and anthropogenic factors; and thermal and mechanical interactions between engineering structures and permafrost. The institute has a number of calibration facilities with well-known ice distributions. Which can be used to imitate the Martian subsurface. ExoMars Science Working Team #7, 9 – 10 December 2014