Dale Grosskurth Environmental Health and Safety Director Marathon County Health Department

 Population 134, 063 (U.S. Census 2011 estimate)  Estimated 21,000 POWTS  Estimated 20-25,000 wells Approximately 1/3 (44,680) of our residents get drinking water from a private well.  We have four designated beaches, many undesignated. CDC MMWR September 23, 2011/ 60(ss12); 73-75

MONTH/ State EtiologyCases (deaths) Description of outbreak August 2008/ Connecticut Providencia55Community water system; Raw sewage was visible on the ground after two septic pumps located uphill of the water system wells failed and the septic tank overflowed. Contributing factors in the outbreak included the downhill movement of sewage towards the wells by rainfall and a cracked well casing.

CDC MMWR September 23, 2011/ 60(ss12); MONTH/ State EtiologyCases (deaths) Description of outbreak March 2008/ Tennessee Hepatitis A virus 9Nine tested positive for Hep A, four hospitalized. Two wells test positive. The untreated well water was likely contaminated by a faulty septic system used by the index case- patient, who lived in a mobile home nearby.

CDC MMWR September 23, 2011/ 60(ss12); MONTH / State EtiologyCases (deaths) Description of outbreak May 2007/ WI Norovirus genogroup I, Campylobacter, Salmonella 229 Gastrointestinal illness was associated with drinking water exposure at a local restaurant; three stool specimens were positive for enteric pathogens: one for norovirus genogroup 1, one for Campylobacter, and one for Salmonella. Well water tested positive for E. coli norovirus genogroup I in the water that was identical to the strain in clinical specimens. The restaurant and surrounding residences were located in an area with karst geological features. Tracer dye testing implicated a septic tank as a source of contamination. Underground seepage of sewage and contamination through limestone or fissured rock were thought to contribute to the outbreak.

 Responding to complaints ◦ Human Health Hazard: referrals between agencies ◦ Housing: non-functioning system, 5-gallon buckets overflowing, children ◦ Involving neighbors ◦ Licensed facilities: change in operations (01 restaurant to 02, home bakery, grease traps, remodeling, additions)  “We don’t need to maintain 3’ of separation between us.” CDC MMWR September 23, 2011/ 60(ss12); 73-75

 Marathon County Health Department Annual report 2010  CDC, Surveillance for Waterborne Disease Outbreaks and Other Health Events Associated with Recreational Water — United States, 2007–2008 and Surveillance for Waterborne Disease Outbreaks Associated with Drinking Water — United States, 2007–2008 Accessed on March 12, 2012 from CDC MMWR September 23, 2011/ 60(ss12); 73-75