LTAD 101 Training to Train Stage Istvan Balyi National Sport Centre Vancouver – Victoria Sport Canada and sports coach UK LTAD Advisor

“The definition of insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results.” Albert Einstein « La définition de la folie, c’est refaire toujours la même chose en s’attendant à un résultat différent. » Albert Einstein

Seven Stages of Long-Term Athlete Development Active Start FUNdamental Active for Life Training to Win Training to Train Training to Compete Learning to Train

Training to Train Developmental Age – onset of PHV Males: Females: Building engine and sport specific skills

Training to Train

Sport requirements: V.B. Midget (Cardinal, 2007) Training to Train: performance factors relative importance

Physical, Mental / Cognitive and Emotional Development

Athlete Development and Support Programmes ATP – Advanced Training & Performance

Chronological age Relative age Biological age Skeletal age Developmental age Training age Sport-specific training age

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

If one year can have such an impact, what about 2, or 3 or 4 or 5 years of difference??? Athletes can be 4 – 5 years apart in developmental age!

How old is a 14 year old ?

Irish boxers – 14 years old 60kg., 40 kg., and 50 kg.

Peak Height Velocity & Peak Bone Mass Growth & PSV Age (years) Adapted from Tanner, 1978 & Kahn, 1999 Relative increase per year Females Males PSV

Factor # 5 Trainability A B C D

“Windows of Optimal Trainability” “Windows of Optimal Trainability” Adaptation and trainability Accelerated adaptation to training “Critical” or “Sensitive” Periods The 5 S’s of training is a good framework to overview the windows

Variation in trainability. (Adapted from work by Bouchard et al., 1997) Magnitude of training response Time course of training response ‘Fast’ & ‘large’ response ‘Fast’ & ‘small’ response ‘Slow’ & ‘large’ response ‘Slow’ & ‘small’ response

Literature Literature Armstrong, N. and Welsman, J. Young People and Physical Activity. Oxford University Press, Oxford, Bar-Or, O. ed. The Child and Adolescent Athlete. London, Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1996.

FIG – Age Group Development Program (CD) (Far the best overview of the trainability literature) Viru at al. Age periods of accelerated improvement of muscle strength, power, speed and endurance in age interval 6 – 18 years. Biology of Sport, Warsaw, V.15(4), pp. 211 – 27, 1998.

31 studies and 11 reviews Cross sectional studies, number of subjects 83 to Longitudinal studies 65 to 90 Age range 6 to 18 years Clearly defined endurance, strength and speed windows Viru et.al. Age periods of accelerated improvements of muscle strength, power, speed and endurance in the age intervals of 6 – 18 years.

Sensitive periods for development of motor abilities in young swimmers (Schramm at al., 1984)

Sensitive periods for development of motor abilities in young swimmers (Vorontsov, Solomatin, Sidorov, 1986, 1988)

Trainability Based on chronological age: –Skill –Speed –Suppleness Based on developmental age –Stamina –Strength Biological markers –onset of PHV –PHV –onset of menarche “Reactive Periodization”

Developmental age - PHV How to measure ? What to measure ? When to measure ? What tools to use for the measurements ? Who should measure ? How to administer measurement data ?

Measuring and interpreting PHV ( How to PHV ? )

Adolescent Growth Spurt PEAK HEIGHT VELOCITY (PHV) Croissance soudaine a la puberté Pic de croissance rapide soudaine

Cessation of growth Slow deceleration Steady growth Rapid growth Rapid deceleration Very Rapid Growth Very rapid deceleration Phases of Measurement Phase 1 Phase 3 Phase 2 Phase 4 Phase 5 Phase 6 CM Age

Phase 3: From the onset of PHV to PHV –Rapid growth until peak is reached –Measure standing height, sitting heights and arm span every 3 month –Measure height and weight on birthday – for the family or personal record Recommended procedure

Phase 4: From PHV to Slow Deceleration –Rapid deceleration –Measure standing height, sitting heights and arm span every 3 month –Measure height and weight on birthday – for the family or personal record Recommended procedure

Stamina / Endurance

Trainability in Weight-Bearing Sports Stamina

Trainability in Non-Weight-Bearing Sports Stamina

Development Age of two 14 year old

Vulnerability (Stein, 2002)

Coachwise - sportscoach UK “How to PHV ?” Chapter 1 Introduction & LTAD

If you don’t make mistakes you don’t learn!

Summary FUN Sport-specific Volleyball skills Still participate in other sports Specialization toward the end of this stage Trainability –Aerobic capacity –Strength toward the end of the stage –Decision making training Breaking or making an athlete The importance of flexibility training Building the engine!

Questions ?