Winning the War CH. 11.3

Total Warfare Roll of the Government Roll of the Government Governments set up military conscription or “drafts” Governments set up military conscription or “drafts” Governments took a greater control of the economy. Governments took a greater control of the economy. Britain formed blockades Britain formed blockades kept ships, carrying supplies, from getting in and out of Germany kept ships, carrying supplies, from getting in and out of Germany Germany engages unrestricted submarine warfare Germany engages unrestricted submarine warfare Effected civilians (supplies) Effected civilians (supplies)

Total Warfare cont. Governments told companies what to produce and in what amounts. Governments told companies what to produce and in what amounts. Governments set prices & wages Governments set prices & wages Workers with specialized skills were used in the war effort & were forbidden to strike. Workers with specialized skills were used in the war effort & were forbidden to strike. Due to shortages of goods, governments turned to rationing (food, fuel, metal, etc.). Due to shortages of goods, governments turned to rationing (food, fuel, metal, etc.).

Total Warfare Roll of Propaganda Roll of Propaganda Propaganda Propaganda The spreading of ideas to promote a cause or damage an opposing cause. The spreading of ideas to promote a cause or damage an opposing cause. Govt’s feared reports would turn popular opinion against the war. Govt’s feared reports would turn popular opinion against the war. used propaganda to increase the morale of the soldiers. used propaganda to increase the morale of the soldiers. Every country used posters, books, and news reports to inflame the hatred of the enemy. Every country used posters, books, and news reports to inflame the hatred of the enemy.

Propaganda Posters

Women at War Women played a major part in the war effort Women played a major part in the war effort Took over manufacturing jobs, farmed, & joined the armed forces Took over manufacturing jobs, farmed, & joined the armed forces Military nurses Military nurses were close to the front lines, tending to casualties were close to the front lines, tending to casualties War work gave women a new sense of pride and confidence War work gave women a new sense of pride and confidence

United States Declares War Unrestricted Submarine Warfare Unrestricted Submarine Warfare Both Germany & Britain imposed blockades Both Germany & Britain imposed blockades Britain went as far as to prevent food and clothing from entering Germany Britain went as far as to prevent food and clothing from entering Germany German subs (u-boats) German subs (u-boats) Used to sink any ships carrying goods to Britain Used to sink any ships carrying goods to Britain Attacked merchant ships/American civilians in the Atlantic Attacked merchant ships/American civilians in the Atlantic Ships carried supplies to allied countries. Ships carried supplies to allied countries.

United States Declares War Sinking of the Lusitania Sinking of the Lusitania May 1915, German u-boat sunk the British liner Lusitania May 1915, German u-boat sunk the British liner Lusitania Aprox. 1,200 passengers killed, including 128 Americans Aprox. 1,200 passengers killed, including 128 Americans President Wilson threatens to cut off relations with Germany President Wilson threatens to cut off relations with Germany Germany agrees to restrict their submarine campaign Germany agrees to restrict their submarine campaign U-boats would surface, give warning, and allow neutral passengers to disembark U-boats would surface, give warning, and allow neutral passengers to disembark

United States Declares War Zimmerman Note Zimmerman Note Early 1917, British intercept a note from Germany foreign Minister Arthur Zimmerman to his ambassador in Mexico. Early 1917, British intercept a note from Germany foreign Minister Arthur Zimmerman to his ambassador in Mexico. Note promised in return for Mexican support, Germany would help them “to re-conquer the lost territory in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona’. Note promised in return for Mexican support, Germany would help them “to re-conquer the lost territory in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona’. April 1917 Wilson asks Congress to declare war. By million American troops join the Allies in Europe. April 1917 Wilson asks Congress to declare war. By million American troops join the Allies in Europe.

Wilson's Plan for Peace Fourteen Points Fourteen Points January 1918, Wilson issues a list of terms for resolving this and other future wars. January 1918, Wilson issues a list of terms for resolving this and other future wars. End to secret treaties End to secret treaties Freedom of the Seas Freedom of the Seas Large scale reduction of arms Large scale reduction of arms Self determination Self determination Creation of a “general association of nations” Creation of a “general association of nations”