How can a shark find injured prey so quickly? Diffusion & Life B2 Additional

Learning Objectives To describe DIFFUSION To explain what affects the RATE of DIFFUSION To link diffusion with EXAMPLES in BIOLOGY Respiration Digestion Placenta Leaf Cells Nerve Impulses

Diffusion Starter: Explain in terms of particles how the smell of the perfume gets from one side of the class to the other

When you have just sprayed perfume, the concentration of perfume particles in that area is very high. Diffusion is the movement of the ‘smelly’ particles, through particles of air, to an area where they are at a LOWER concentration.

Maybe you can smell your dinner cooking when you get home Maybe you can smell your dinner cooking when you get home... This is due to diffusion.

Moving molecules In which states are molecules able to diffuse? gas (e.g. steam) liquid (e.g. water) solid (e.g. ice) Molecules in liquids and gases are constantly moving and bumping into each other. This means that they tend to spread out.

Diffusion The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Due to the random movement of particles A passive process which means that no energy is needed

What effect might the gradient have on speed of diffusion? LOW concentration HIGH concentration A difference in concentration between 2 areas is called a CONCENTRATION GRADIENT. What effect might the gradient have on speed of diffusion?

Rate of Diffusion Steep concentration gradient Draw both sets of diagrams, write how the rate of diffusion changes when the concentration gradient changes Rate of Diffusion Fast Steep concentration gradient Slow Shallow concentration gradient 9

Factors Affecting Diffusion Concentration gradient Temperature Distance particles must travel Faster Diffusion When... Large concentration gradient Higher Temperature Short distance

When will diffusion stop? Think – Pair - Share ?

Has diffusion stopped completely? Draw the diagrams next to each other and copy the captions The particles are fully diffuse. The particles are separate when first put together. They slowly start to mix due to their random motion. The particles are now nearly fully diffuse. Has diffusion stopped completely? Explain your answer 12

Diffusion in action: one gas Teacher notes This activity could be used as a starter exercise to work on diffusion.

Diffusion in action: two gases Teacher notes This activity could be used as a starter exercise to work on diffusion.

What substances are we talking about? Biological diffusion Dissolved substances have to pass through the partially permeable cell membrane to get into or out of a cell. Diffusion is one of the processes that allows this to happen.. What substances are we talking about?

Why is diffusion important? All living cells rely on diffusion to live. They use it for: Getting glucose and oxygen needed for respiration Removing waste products (eg. from respiration) Examples…

1. Diffusion and breathing Oxygen in inhaled air diffuses through the lungs and into the bloodstream. The oxygen is then transported throughout the body. Carbon dioxide is the waste gas produced by respiration. Carbon dioxide diffuses from body tissues into the bloodstream and is exhaled via the lungs. Where does gas exchange take place in the lungs?

Cross-section through an alveolus Alveoli are the tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles, in which gas exchange occurs. air in/out deoxygenated blood (from body tissues) alveolus capillary Teacher notes Alveoli = plural; alveolus = singular oxygenated blood (to body tissues) red blood cell

2. Diffusion and digestion Digestion breaks down large food molecules into smaller molecules such as glucose, amino acids and fatty acids that can be easily absorbed. Small food molecules are usually absorbed in the small intestine, diffusing across the intestine wall and into the bloodstream.

3. Diffusion and nerves impulses A synapse is a junction between two neurones across which electrical signals must pass. synaptic cleft neurotransmitter neurotransmitter receptor nerve impulse Neurotransmitter molecules diffuse from vesicles towards the neurotransmitter receptors, moving from an area of high concentration to low concentration.

4. Diffusion and the placenta The placenta is an organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy. The umbilical cord connects the placenta to the foetus. It enables nutrients and oxygen to pass from the mother to the foetus by diffusion, and waste substances to diffuse from the foetus back to the mother.

Finally… Diffusion happens in gases as well as liquids. Draw an advert for a perfume or air freshener and explain how you would be able to smell it from the other side of a room. You can choose what your product smells of!