Shape extraction framework for similarity search in image databases Jan Klíma,Tomáš Skopal Charles University in Prague Department of Software Engineering Czech Republic

IVPF (Image and vector processing framework) Motivation Search in image databases Text-based methods become useless, since the requirements exceed human possibilities Metadata-based systems need explicit additional information to work effectively (images.google.com) Content-based low level methods like color histograms may be misleading and do not capture high level features (Amore system, ImageMiner,..) High level feature extraction is in practise limited to domain-specific systems (biometric features recognition,..)

IVPF (Image and vector processing framework) Overall approach Shape is one of the most importnant features found in images Although it is one of the basic features recognized by human sight, it often carries high level information But how should we do the shape extraction to archieve the best results? There exist plenty of algorithms for shape extraction, but which should be used and how? One would like to have freedom for experimentation with different approaches IVP framework was implemented to allow configurable extraction of image features, especially shapes

IVPF (Image and vector processing framework) Overall approach IVPF separates objects that figure in image processing Bitmaps Histograms Vectors (polylines,...).. and algorithms which work with these objects on input-output basis Edge detection Vectorization Artifact removal..

IVPF (Image and vector processing framework) Overall approach Each algorithm is considered as a black box - a component that takes some input and produces defined output Components can be put together to form a component network Component network usually comprises of Input components that send data into the network Output components that save processed data Worker components that transform their input somehow to outputs Component network handles the high level functionality and in fact creates a separated application

IVPF (Image and vector processing framework) Data flow example

IVPF (Image and vector processing framework) Overall approach Advantages Flexibility and configurability Maximum reusability of existing code Room for experimentation Disadvantages There is always some neccessary amount of redundant work The objects components work with (bitmaps, vectors) must be defined general-purpose But certain algorithms might need data in different representations Higher memory demands Some performance penalty

IVPF (Image and vector processing framework) Further details Framework is implemented in.NET 2.0 Components are encapsulated in managed classes Which are loaded dynamically from a DLL using.NET reflection Minimal amount of effort is needed to create a new component All the work is handled by the higher levels of the framework Component network can be created from or saved to an XML file GUI to simplify network creation is on the way

IVPF (Image and vector processing framework) Component catalogue Currently implemented components focus to present basic shape extraction capabilities Component groups Bitmap handling(resize, thresholding,..) Edge detection Binary image processing Vectorization Polyline simplification Artifact removal Line connection

IVPF (Image and vector processing framework) Transformation examples Edge detection components Thinning component Iterative artifact pruning component

IVPF (Image and vector processing framework) Scenarios It's hard to obtain robust shape extraction capabilities on a general set of images Instead, some methods might work only in certain situations By creating a set of scenarios for different image types, shape extraction should bring good results even in big image databases The most obvious examples of such shape extraction scenarios are Maps Drawings Photos...

IVPF (Image and vector processing framework) „Simple drawing“ scenario example For high contrast images, the edge detection alone is a reliable way extract required feature information Artifact removal is a relatively safe operation then A reconnection of disconnected lines and corners that follows will almost completely reconstruct the full shape information Finally, a polyline simplification is done to straighten jagged lines and minimize the produced number of line segments

IVPF (Image and vector processing framework) „Simple drawing“ scenario

IVPF (Image and vector processing framework) „Simple drawing“ scenario Work progress example Original image Gradient Edge detection Polished vector result

IVPF (Image and vector processing framework) Future plans Shape representation and similarity measure for database queries Shape information made of polylines can be turned into a time series and matched using methods from the DTW family Self-configuration Component is not restricted to image processing work only Components could evaluate the quality of their outputs and adjust network settings accordingly Such self-configuration could eventually lead to fully automatical scenario recommendation