Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

GEOS 112 Lecture Topics 4/28/03 Read Chapter 12 (Glaciers) Final Exam – Monday, May 5 1:00pm 1.Types of Glaciers; 2.Glacier Formation, Mass Balance, and.

Advertisements

Section 9.1 Discovering Past Climates

Climate change can be discussed in short, medium and long timescales. Short-term (recent) climate change is on a timescale of decades, an example would.

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues Structure ©2003, Perry Samson, University of Michigan.

Past Climate Reconstruction and Climate Proxies. Note: This slide set is one of several that were presented at climate training workshops in Please.

1. What do we mean by "paleoclimate"? 2. What evidence exists for ice ages and ancient climate change? 3. What causes the climate to change? What we wish.

Outline Review of Ocean Stratification and Circulation Recent historical Climate Change External Climate Forcings Natural Climate Variability Paleoclimatology.

Last Time - Short Term Climate Change  Methods to Document Climate Change 1. Sedimentation 2. Ice cores 3. Dendrochronolgy 4. Coral Reefs 5. Pollen 6.

OC 450: Orbital Controls on Climate (Chaps 8 and 10) Main Points: Small cyclic variations in the earth’s orbital characteristics affect the distribution.

Global Climate Change Today we will discuss global climate: how it has changed in the past, and how the current status and possible future look. If you.

CLIMATE CHANGE Global Temperatures: Past, Present, and Future.

Natural Fluctuations in Climate Natural Climate Summary Rapid Change Issues Paleoclimate ©2004, Perry Samson, University of Michigan.

{ Natural Changes in Climate.  8.9 Long Term and Short Term Changes in Climate  8.10 Feedback Loops and Climate  8.11 Clues to Past Climates.

Paleoclimatology Why is it important? Angela Colbert Climate Modeling Group October 24, 2011.

Discussion 4/24 Climate patterns & climate change.

DAILY REVIEW #4 11. Make corrections on quiz. 12. What different items have been used to determine the paleoclimate? 13.What patterns have occurred in.

Discovering Past Climates

Proxy Records Ice Cores Dendrochronology Sediment records

Detecting Past Climates

Reviewing Climate Change Over Time Forcing Factors and Relevant Measurements.

Science, Society and Solutions

NATS 101 Section 13: Lecture 32 Paleoclimate. Natural changes in the Earth’s climate also occur at much longer timescales The study of prehistoric climates.

Samayaluca Dune Field, south of Juarez, Chihuahua Global Climate Change.

Class #35: Friday, November 201 Past Climates: Proxy Data and Mechanisms of Change.

What do you know about climate? What do you want to know to understand climate?

Climate Changes Past and Future. Defining Climate Change  Response of Earth-atmosphere system to changes in boundary conditions  What external factors.

Chapter 14: Climate Change The earth’s changing climate The earth’s changing climate Possible causes of climatic change Possible causes of climatic change.

The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology, 12th

Chapter 14: Climate change The earth’s changing climate The earth’s changing climate Possible causes of climatic change Possible causes of climatic change.

Climate change – “science catfight” or not?. The Record Of Climate Change Proxy Data.

NATS 101 Lecture 33 Natural Climate Variability. What is Climate Change? Climate change - A significant shift in the mean state and event frequency of.

Climate. Seasons The Earth’s Axial Tilt and the Seasons The Earth’s axis of rotation is tilted 23.5 from perpendicular It is this tilt that explains.

Module 4 Changes in Climate. Global Warming? Climate change –The pattern(s) of variation in climate (temperature, precipitation) over various periods.

Chapter 14 The Changing Climate The Atmosphere 10e Lutgens & Tarbuck Power Point by Michael C. LoPresto.

Reconstructing Climate History through Ice Core Proxies Natasha Paterson Econ 331 April 7 th, 2010.

1 Geologic Perspective on Climate  El Nino  The last 1,000 Years: Natural Variability?  The Ice Ages and their cause  The world the Dinosaurs inhabited.

Oxygen isotopes and climate. The long term average of temperature and precipitation (30 years)

Lecture 15 Defining climate, climate controls Climate classification

SC.912.E.7.2: Analyze the causes of the various kinds of surface and deep water motion within the oceans and their impacts on the transfer of energy between.

Climate and Climate Change Chapter 21

Abrupt Climate Change. Review of last lecture Large spread in projected temperature change comes from uncertainties in climate feedbacks Main climate.

Climate Change November 4, Global Climate Change Global Warming – describes a rapid increase in the temperature of Earth’s surface, water, and atmosphere,

Factor Influencing Climate Change Tectonics Ocean Circulation Patterns and the Thermohaline Cycle Orbital Forcing Mechanisms Atmospheric Variations.

Chapter 13: The Earth’s Changing Climate Climate change Climate change Possible causes of climatic change Possible causes of climatic change Global warming.

Discovering Past Climates

Orbital Control of Climate The last 600,000 years.

WHAT IS IT AND WHAT ARE SCIENTISTS DOING TO GATHER INFORMATION ABOUT IT? Climate Change.

Warm Up 1.What is a supervolcano? 2.What does sulfur do in the atmosphere? How does it effect climate? Time’s Up!

Climate Change. Causes Several factors affect global climate: 1.Changes in solar output 2.Changes in Earth's orbit 3.Changes in the distribution of continents.

Climate and Weather Suzana J. Camargo. Weather.

Recap What are your 2 compulsory case studies? Why are they hotspots? What interactions are there between the hazards in the different countries.

LONG AND SHORT TERM CHANGES IN CLIMATE. LONG TERM CHANGES Continental Drift When continents move, ocean currents and wind patterns change which affects.

Unit 3 Notes Part 5: Climate Change. What are natural causes that could result in global climate change? Plate tectonics – when the continents move they.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 16 The Oceans and Climate Change.

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. AP Environmental Science Mr. Grant Lesson 49 Studying Climate Change.

Milankovitch, 1937 Orbital Theory of Ice Ages

Learning Objectives Know how scientists have got data from the past to create graphs of climate change Understand that we can look at Climate change as.

Earth’s Climate System

Chapter 14: Climate Change

Global Cooling ©2004, Perry Samson, University of Michigan.

“The Science Behind Media Reports”

DO NOW Pick up notes and Review #25..

Bellwork 5/13 How old is Earth? When did life begin on our planet?

AOSC 200 Lesson 23.

Chapter 13: The Earth’s Changing Climate

Paleoclimate Proxies A proxy is a natural data set that mimics an environmental change, e.g. increased tree ring width and increased temperature and moisture.

Paleo Climate Change.

Wasting class time? Please get out a piece of paper and read the board! 

Studying Past Climates

Presentation transcript:

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues QUIZ! Last Updated: May 17, 2015 On a scale of : The ozone hole and global warming are related. 0 No way! 10 You Betcha! 5 Coward

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues QUIZ! Last Updated: May 17, 2015 On a scale of : We are currently in a cool period of climate. 0 How quickly you forget summer. 10 COOL! 5 Who knows? I’ve got my air conditioner on!

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues Driving Questions 1. How do we know that the composition of the atmosphere has changed in the past? 2. Ignoring greenhouse gas emissions what climate changes might we expect next? Today’s Issues: Last Updated: May 17, 2015

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues Climate has changed quite naturally over time Today’s Issues: Last Updated: May 17, 2015

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues Methods for establishing past temperature s Isotopic Geochemical Studies: The study of rock isotopic ratios, ice core bubbles, etc. Dendochronology: the study of tree rings Pollen Distribution: the study of plant types and prevalence Lake Varves: (like dendochronology, but with lake sediments) Coral Bed Rings Fossils: Studies of geological settings, etc. Historical documents, paintings, etc. Today’s Issues: Last Updated: May 17, 2015

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues Paleoclimatology “Heavy” oxygen happens… Isotropic Geochemica l Studies

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues Paleoclimatology Dating Through Oxygen Isotope Ratios

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues Paleoclimatology Dating Through Oxygen Isotope Ratios

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues Paleoclimatology

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues Vostok Record  18 O is well correlated with temperature!

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues Sea Sediments 18 O in sea sediments is used to suggest temperature Seawater 18 O variations over time can be linked to the growth and decay of ice sheets. During the last ice age sea level was ~130m lower than today reflecting about 3% of the ocean's volume. Consequently the 18 O of the ocean was ~1.2 permille heavier (higher) than it is today. Measuring the 18 O in foraminifera allows to reconstruct past variations in the size of the ice sheets over millions of years.

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues Milankovitch theory of climate change Eccentricity : 400 ka and 100 ka

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues Obliquity: 41 ka Milankovitch theory of climate change

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues Axial Precession : 23 ka Milankovitch theory of climate change

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues Paleoclimatology

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues Glacial Milankovitch theory of climate change Ice Growth Configuration:Low eccentricity Low Tilt Large Earth-Sun Distance in Summer Net Effect:Less seasonal contrast

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues Inter- Glacial Milankovitch theory of climate change Ice Growth Configuration:High eccentricity High Tilt Small Earth-Sun Distance in Summer Net Effect:More seasonal contrast

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues Milankovitch theory of climate change Take-away: Variations in our orbit begin to explain the variation in temperature over scales of >10,000 years.

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues Changes in CO 2 ( ,000,000 YBP) Paleoclimatology Geochemically inferred. NOW

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues Changes in CO 2 (0 - 25,000,000 YBP) Paleoclimatology NOW

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues Changes in CO 2 ( ,000 YBP) Paleoclimatology Vostok NOW

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues Changes in CO 2 ( ,000 YBP) Paleoclimatology NOW Vostok

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues Lessons from Vostok

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues Lessons from Vostok 1.Past changes in climate have often been triggered by changes in orbital characteristics. 2.These initial changes are then amplified by changes in CO 2 and CH 4 concentrations. 3.The changes in greenhouse gas concentrations then exaggerate the temperature changes over the earth.

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues Changes in CO 2 (0 - 12,500 YBP) Paleoclimatology NOW

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues RAPID Changes in Climate Happen Climate

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues RADIATION TEMPERATURE ICE VOLUME

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues Changes in CO 2 (0 - 12,500 YBP) Paleoclimatology NOW

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues Changes in CO 2 ( YBP) Paleoclimatology NOW

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues Paleoclimatology NOW Changes in CO 2 ( YBP)

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues Summary Driving Questions 1. How do we know that the composition of the atmosphere has changed in the past? Keywords: Isotope Ratios Ice Cores

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues Summary Driving Questions 2 Ignoring greenhouse gas emissions what climate changes might we expect next? Keywords: Milankovitch Theory oEccentricity oPrecession oObliquity

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues Abrupt extinction due to climate change Paleoclimatology Abrupt climate change (circa 2200 BC)forced the abandonment of rain-fed settlements in agricultural plains of lower Mesopotamia.

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues Paleoclimatology Period of drought between ~800 to 1000 A.D. probably contributed to collapse of Mayan civilization.

Climatology and Paleoclimatology Paleoclimate Summary Climate Issues Paleoclimatology