Empirical Ionospheric Models from Worldwide Incoherent Scatter Radars Shun-Rong Zhang and John Holt MIT Haystack Observatory, USA Tony van Eyken EISCAT.

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Presentation transcript:

Empirical Ionospheric Models from Worldwide Incoherent Scatter Radars Shun-Rong Zhang and John Holt MIT Haystack Observatory, USA Tony van Eyken EISCAT Association, Norway Mary McCready SRI International, USA Christine Amory-Mazaudier Centre for the Study of Earth and Planets Environments, CNRS, France Shoichiro Fukao Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Japan Michael Sulzer Arecibo Observatory, National Astronomy & Ionosphere Center, Puerto Rico

Outline  ISR long-term database  Modeling technique  Results: local models A case study: Annual variations Comparisons with IRI Applications  Regional Models  ISR Convection Model  Model Availability  Future Projects

World Incoherent Scatter Radars

MADRIGAL: Long-term ISR Database

Madrigal

The European Chain: EISCAT Svalbard Radar (1997-), in polar cap, the highest latitude EISCAT Tromsø UHF radar (1984-) and VHF radar (1990-), St. Santin Radar ( ) East America Chain Sondrestrom Radar (1990-) Millstone Hill Radar (1970-) Arecibo Radar (1966-) East Asia MU Radar ( ) Existing Long-term Data

Binning and Fitting technique  Data are binned according to local time and month  Piece-wise linear height profile is used for initial data binning with height nodes.  Solar activity dependency is determined by a leaset-squares fit to a linear function to F107.  Median filter (3 months x 3 hours) is applied to the fitting coefficients.

Analytic representations of bin-fit results  Seasonal variations: harmonics with 12, 6 and 3 month components  Local time variations: harmonics with 24, 12, 6 and 3 hour components  Height variations: cubic B-spline with 17 breaks and gradient controls at upper and lower boundaries.

Height Profile

Height Profile Basis Function

Data Distribution

Results: Midday Ne Svalbard Millstone Arecibo Shigariki Curve Color Code Winter Spring Summer Autumn St. Santin Tromso Sondrestrom

Results : Latitudinal and Longitudinal features subauroral midlatitude highlatitude Semiannual components, longitudinal differences Strong semiannual components, asymmetry Semiannual components starts to occur Lower midlatitude

O/N2 and SZA change O/N2 (from MSIS)O/N2 x cos (SZA) SZA = solar zenith angle

Ti At Millstone, highest Ti occurs in May.

Yearly variations: Millstone

Yearly variations in midday Ti at 350 km: Millstone Circles: Data Dashed: Model Percentage difference Data - Model difference F107

Comparisons with IRI: diurnal AreMUStSMHTroSonSva Ne Ti Te Ne Ti Te Median solar activity conditions with F107=135 or Rz=88

Comparisons with IRI: profile AreMUStSMHTroSonSva Ne Ti Te Ne Ti Te Median solar activity conditions with F107=135 or Rz=88

Model Applications: Tn and [O] Using a simplified energy equations for ions (widely used in the ISR community for the neutral parameter deduction)

ISR Convection Model

Regional Ionospheric Models: Millstone Areas Millstone Regional Ionospheric Model covers geodetic latitudes degrees.

ISR Convection Model: data A Combined Dataset from Millstone and Sondrestrom ISRs Observations

ISR Convection Model: IMF Bz controls

ISR Model Availability  Virtual Incoherent Scatter Radars  Web interface  FTP OR

Virtual ISRs Virtual ISRs – current day

Virtual ISRs – current time

Future Projects  Regional ionospheric models for Eastern America longitudes European longitudes

A New Space Weather Project Multiple incoherent scatter radar long-term database study of upper atmosphere climatology and variability 1. to generate databases of thermospheric Tn, [O], winds for multiple ISRs; 2. to develop local and regional models of the thermospheric parameters; 3. to create variability models of the ionospheric as well as thermospheric parameters; 4. to study latitudinal/longitudinal features of the ionosphere and thermosphere.

Arecibo: Ne diurnal

Arecibo: Te diurnal

Arecibo: Ti diurnal

MU: Ne diurnal

Millstone: Ne diurnal

Millstone: Ti diurnal

Millstone: Te diurnal

St. Santin: Ne diurnal

St. Santin: Ti diurnal

St. Santin: Te diurnal

Tromso: Ne diurnal

Tromso: Ti diurnal

Tromso: Te diurnal

Sondrestrom: Ne diurnal

Sondrestrom: Ti diurnal

Sondrestrom: Te diurnal

Svalbard: Ne Diurnal

Svalbard: Ti Diurnal

Svalbard: Te Diurnal

Arecibo: Ne profile

Arecibo: Ti profile

Arecibo: Te profile

MU: Ne profile

Millstone: Ne profile

Millstone: Ti profile

Millstone: Te profile

St Santin: Ne profile

St Santin: Ti profile

St Santin: Te profile

Tromso: Ne profile

Tromso: Ti profile

Tromso: Te profile

Sondrestrom: Ne profile

Sondrestrom: Ti profile

Sondrestrom: Te profile

Svalbard: Ne profile

Svalbard: Ti profile

Svalbard: Te profile