Freshwater Runoff from Greenland Sebastian H. Mernild Ph.D. & Post Doc. University of Alaska Fairbanks International Arctic Research Center and Water &

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

What? Remote, actively researched, monitored, measured, has a huge impact on global climate and is relatively cool?

Advertisements

Cryosphere (Frozen water). The shape of ice crystals cause ice to be less dense than liquid water This causes Ice to float with about 9% of the ice volume.

Andy Chan Geo 387H Physical Climatology Fall 2007.

Freshwater Initiative 1 st All-Hands meeting, Boulder, February

(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Observed Snow & Ice (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 4) Observed Changes in Snow, Ice and Frozen Ground Primary Source:

1 Climate change and the cryosphere. 2 Outline Background, climatology & variability Role of snow in the global climate system Contemporary observations.

The Water Cycle.

Weather S4E3. Students will differentiate between the states of water and how they relate to the water cycle and weather. a. Demonstrate how water changes.

Last time… Key questions 1.Why does air move? 2.Are movements of winds random across Earth’s surface, or do they follow regular patterns? 3.Implications.

The role of spatial and temporal variability of Pan-arctic river discharge and surface hydrologic processes on climate Dennis P. Lettenmaier Department.

Outline Background, climatology & variability Role of snow in the global climate system Indicators of climate change Future projections & implications.

Energy Exchange Vocabulary Changing of States Finish the Sentence Random

IPY Satellite Data Legacy Vision: Use the full international constellation of remote sensing satellites to acquire spaceborne ‘snapshots’ of processes.

Arctic Climate Variability in the Context of Global Change Ola M. Johannessen, Lennart Bengtsson, Leonid Bobylev, Svetlana I. Kuzmina, Elena Shalina.

Hydrologic Cycle/Water Balances. Earth’s Water Covers approximately 75% of the surface Volcanic emissions Only known substance that naturally exists as.

Global Inter-agency IPY Polar Snapshot Year (GIIPSY): Goals and Accomplishments Katy Farness & Ken Jezek, The Ohio State University Mark Drinkwater, European.

Glaciers Chapter 17. Why glaciers? 10% of earth covered by ice 85% Antarctica 11% Greenland 4% elsewhere Glaciers store about 75% of the world's freshwater.

MODELING OF COLD SEASON PROCESSES Snow Ablation and Accumulation Frozen Ground Processes.

How does it all work? Synthesis of Arctic System Science Discover, clarify, and improve our understanding of linkages, interactions, and feedbacks among.

The melting ice in Greenland - from local to regional scale Sebastian H. Mernild Climate, Ocean, and Sea Ice Modeling Group (COSIM) Los Alamos National.

Changes in Freeze-Thaw and Permafrost Dynamics and Their Hydrological Implication over the Russian Arctic Drainage Basin Tingjun Zhang and R. G. Barry.

The Oceans Composition. The Oceans There are five main oceans: –Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, Antarctic.

Modelling surface mass balance and water discharge of tropical glaciers The case study of three glaciers in La Cordillera Blanca of Perú Presented by:

Helgi Björnsson, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland Contribution of Icelandic ice caps to sea level rise: trends and.

Advances in Macroscale Hydrology Modeling for the Arctic Drainage Basin Dennis P. Lettenmaier Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University.

Introduction to Climate Change Science. Weather versus Climate Weather refers to the conditions of the atmosphere over a short period of time, such as.

Summary of Research on Climate Change Feedbacks in the Arctic Erica Betts April 01, 2008.

The Water Cycle

PROPERTIES OF SEAWATER

Chemistry Unit. Properties of Water and their Relationship to Weather and Climate.

Water Cycle beyond evaporation, condensation, precipitation

 A glacier is a thick mass of ice, composed of compacted and recrystallized snow that forms over thousands of years.  Glacier only flow or move over.

Water Cycle Chapter 15. Movement of Water on Earth  Water Cycle: the continuous movement of water between the atmosphere, the land, and the oceans 

RESULTS OF RESEARCH RELATED TO CHARIS IN KAZAKHSTAN I. Severskiy, L. Kogutenko.

ANALISIS OF OBSERVED GLOBAL AND REGIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE Konstantin Vinnikov Department Atmospheric and Oceanic Science College of Computer, Mathematical.

AKA The Hydrologic Cycle. Water 3 states Solid Liquid Gas The 3 states of water are determined mostly by temperature. Even though water is constantly.

NASA Snow and Ice Products NASA Remote Sensing Training Geo Latin America and Caribbean Water Cycle capacity Building Workshop Colombia, November 28-December.

Assessment of CCI Glacier and CCI Land cover data for hydrological modeling of the Arctic ocean drainage basin David Gustafsson, Kristina Isberg, Jörgen.

The Water Planet Chapter 2 Section 1. Water Water covers 70% of the earth’s surface Examples: Streams, Rivers, Lakes, Seas, Oceans, Water Vapor, Glaciers,

An Overview of the Observations of Sea Level Change R. Steven Nerem University of Colorado Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences Colorado Center.

Arctic terrestrial water storage changes from GRACE satellite estimates and a land surface hydrology model Fengge Su a Douglas E. Alsdorf b, C.K. Shum.

AOM 4643 Principles and Issues in Environmental Hydrology.

The Water Cycle 5 th Grade Science. The Water Cycle.

Ocean Response to Global Warming/Global Change William Curry Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Environmental Defense May 12, 2005 Possible changes in.

0002 Water and its role in the earth's processes: 1. identify the properties of water in its different physical states.

October 27, 2015 Objective: I will be able to describe how water is recycled through the environment in a process called the water cycle. Entry Task: Make.

Evaporation Evaporation is the process where a liquid, in this case water, changes from its liquid state to a gaseous state. Liquid water becomes water.

The Water Cycle. Water 3 states Solid Liquid Gas The 3 states of water are determined mostly by temperature. Even though water is constantly changing.

Glaciers.  Glaciers: Masses of ice built up over thousands of years.  Alpine Glaciers: Glaciers that occur in high altitudes, such as mountains.  Continental.

The Importance of Snowmelt Runoff Modeling for Sustainable Development and Disaster Prevention Muzafar Malikov Space Research Centre Academy of Sciences.

Water in the Atmosphere. The Water Cycle A. Evaporation: Is the process by which water molecules in a liquid escape into air as water vapor. –Requires.

Ice Loss Signs of Change. The Cryosphere  Earth has many frozen features including – sea, lake, and river ice; – snow cover; – glaciers, – ice caps;

Hydrogeology Distribution of Earth’s Water Fresh Water Reservoirs Inputs and outputs for fresh water reservoirs Ogallala Aquifer Water quality and land.

Sanitary Engineering Lecture 4

Water Distribution and the Water Cycle

State of the Earth.

7th Grade Weather Unit-Marion

The Water Cycle.

Radiation Balance and Feedbacks

The Coast to Come Ice Loss.

HYDROSPHERE Water Cycle.

The Water Cycle The continuous process of water evaporating, condensing, returning to the earth as precipitation, and returning to a water resource.

HYDROSPHERE Water Cycle.

What affects Salinity? Part 4.

The Water Cycle. The Water Cycle Evaporation - the process in which a liquid changes to a gas. THE SUN DRIVES THE WATER CYCLE.

Change in fresh water inflow from glaciers and rivers

Water changes & Cycle Page 17 of INB.

Water and the Water Cycle

Presentation transcript:

Freshwater Runoff from Greenland Sebastian H. Mernild Ph.D. & Post Doc. University of Alaska Fairbanks International Arctic Research Center and Water & Environmental Research Center

Runoff from Greenland

Freshwater contribution from: - GrIS (runoff and calving) - Local glaciers (runoff and claving) - Snow cover (runoff) - Net liquid precipitation (runoff). Runoff from Greenland

D. Rumsfeld, former U.S. Secretary of Defense: “There are things we know. There are things we know we don’t know. There are things we don’t know we don’t know.”

D. Rumsfeld, former U.S. Secretary of Defense: “There are things we know. There are things we know we don’t know. There are things we don’t know we don’t know.” Related to runoff from Greenland

Change surface air temperature, Annual Winter “There are things we know.

-Increasing air precipitation 1% per decade, -More precipitation falls as rain, -Longer thawing season 2-3 weeks (since 1993) East Greenland, -Longer snow-free season days (since 1993) East Greenland, -Negative local glacier net mass balance East Greenland. “There are things we know.

“There are things we know we don’t know. There are things we don’t know we don’t know.” Runoff amount… Runoff variation (space and time)… Break-up time… Max discharge… Runoff contribution…. Therefore my Ph.D. and Post Doc.-study…

Few MET and hydrometric data from East Greenland because of rough terrain, harsh climatic conditions, and remote locations. Only two areas are at present well documented in Met and hydrology: - Low Arctic Mittivakkat Glacier catchment, Sermilik, Ammassalik Island, SE Greenland. - High Arctic Zackenberg River catchment, NE Greenland. Low Arctic, High precipitation, Large precentage of glacier cover, High Arctic, Low precipitation, Low precentage of glacier cover. East Greenland catchments…

Glacier mass balance and snow modeling by SnowModel: Spatial snow evolution: Snow accumulation, Snow distribution, Evaporation, Snow-blowing sublimation, Snow surface melt. Spatial Glacier melt:Glacier ice surface melt. SnowModel is used at Mittivakkat, Zackenberg, and GrIS. At the moment it is s a NON-glacier dynamic model – but in aumumn 2007 dynamic routines will be incorporated...

Example: Spatial SnowModel SWE Depth and Runoff at the Mittivakkat Glacier catchment End of Winter SWE DepthYearly Runoff

Mittivakkat (65°N) (14 km 2 ) Zackenberg (74°N) (101 km 2 ) Period P (mm w.eq. y -1 ) 1, E + Su (mm w.eq. y -1 ) 260 * 115 ** R (mm w.eq. y -1 ) 1,983 1,487 ΔS (mm w.eq. y -1 ) ,347 ΔS OBS (mm w.eq. y -1 ) * Approximately 12% of solid precipitation was returned to the atmosphere. ** Approximately 18% of solid precipitation was returned to the atmosphere. SnowModel used on glaciers at Mittivakkat and Zackenberg

Runoff modeling : Time-Area method with SnowModel (hourly time step), NAM, lumped conceptual model with degree-day (daily time step), MIKE-SHE, spatial distributed model with SnowModel (daily time step).

Mittivakkat (65°N) Zackenberg (74°N) Period Catchment area (km 2 ) Glacier cover (%) Average SIM runoff (mm w.eq. y -1 ) 1, Average SIM runoff (m 3 y -1 ) ~37×10 6 ~219×10 6 Annual specific SIM runoff (l s -1 km -2 ) ~63 ~14 Glacier contribution of total SIM yearly runoff (%) ~ 90 – 95 ~ 50 – 90 Comparison of average freshwater runoff from Mittivakkat and Zackenberg

Runoff from the entire Greenland Iceberg calving ??? km3 per year Greenland Ice Sheet ??? km3 per year Net precipitation ??? km3 per year Local glaciers/ice sheets ??? km3 per year Total: ??? km3 per year

2002 MET data from DMI and the Koni Steffen Groupe At CU, Boulder ( ) SnowModel Mass balance and runoff from GrIS

2002 GrIS extent non-summer surface melt (GrIS interior) GrIS extent non-summer surface melt (GrIS interior) Mass balance and runoff from GrIS

East Greenland Iceberg calving 116 km3 per year (Literature studies) East GrIS 141 km3 per year (SnowModel) (missing: routing the water to the margin) Net liquid precipitation 168 km3 per year (SnowMode/MicroMet) Local glaciers/ice sheets 13 km3 per year (satellite pic’s/map of glacier cover and SnowModel) Total: ~ 440 km3 per year (equals ~10% of the total freshwater input from the Arctic Ocean to the Greenland Sea)

Present work… - GrIS mass balance and runoff ( ) (SnowModel) DMI-data (HIRHAM 4, 25 km2) (CSU and CU), - GrIS mass balance and runoff ( ) (SnowModel) NARR-data Compare to DMI and Koni Steffen-data (CSU and CU) - Routines for glacier dynamic and runoff routing (SnowModel) (CU) - Routines for temperature inversion (SnowModel) (Mittivakkat and Zackenberg) (CSU and UC)

The End Thanks…!!!