Friendly Warning Test # 2 – next class meeting Thursday: 5 March 2015 covers Chapters 2, 3 & 4 Review Sheets for 2, 3 & 4 now on Course Website Includes.

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Presentation transcript:

Friendly Warning Test # 2 – next class meeting Thursday: 5 March 2015 covers Chapters 2, 3 & 4 Review Sheets for 2, 3 & 4 now on Course Website Includes Listening Examples

Anything on Today’s slides will be on Test # 3 (after the break) Not on Test # 2

Chapter 5 “St Louis Blues” : Race Records and Hillbilly Music, 1920s and 1930s

Chapter 5 (outline) Race Records Classic Blues Understanding Twelve-Bar Blues The Country Blues - Charley Patton - Blind-Lemon Jefferson… - Robert Johnson Early Country Music: Hillbilly Records Pioneers of Country Music Popular Music and the Great Depression

Expanding Markets 1921 – 100,000,000 records sold, but…. c (& later) – Radio & Networks founded Sales of discs decline (why?) Ignored Markets? Rural South (moving Northward after 1919) Agrarian Whites = “Hillbilly” or “Old Time Music” Blacks (anywhere) = “Race Records” All (previously ignored) folk music traditions

“Race Records” RCA Victor (c. 1903) - pseudo “Black” artists - “Coon shouters” (white females) Okeh Records (1916) - Otto K.E. Heinemann (German) - records Mamie Smith (1920) - Ralph Peer : “Race Records” Black Swan (1921) - Pace (Af-Am song publisher) - bankrupt by Dec Paramount Records (1910s) - Wisconsin Chair Company - pressing plant for Black Swan - buys out Black Swan (1924)

Exs. of Early “Race” Recordings (1902) – Dinwiddie Colored Quartet - Dinwiddie Colored Quartet, ''Down on the Old Campground'' (1902) - YouTubeDinwiddie Colored Quartet, ''Down on the Old Campground'' (1902) - YouTube (1920) Mamie Smith - Mamie Smith - Crazy blues – YouTubeMamie Smith - Crazy blues – YouTube (1926) Blind Lemon Jefferson - 'That Black Snake Moan' BLIND LEMON JEFFERSON (1926) Texas Blues Guitar Legend - YouTube'That Black Snake Moan' BLIND LEMON JEFFERSON (1926) Texas Blues Guitar Legend - YouTube (1928) Bessie Smith - Bessie Smith (Empty Bed Blues, 1928) Jazz Legend - YouTubeBessie Smith (Empty Bed Blues, 1928) Jazz Legend - YouTube

Mamie Smith ( ) Vaudeville performer - singer, dancer, pianist, actress, etc. Performs in all styles - jazz, blues, etc. August 1920 (NYC) - Okeh Records - 1 st Af-Am performer to record “Blues” Exs. - Mamie Smith - Crazy blues – YouTube ("Crazy Blues" Lyrics) - Mamie Smith "Harlem Blues" YouTubeMamie Smith - Crazy blues – YouTube"Crazy Blues" LyricsMamie Smith "Harlem Blues" YouTube “Queen of the Blues”

“Ma Rainey” (Gertrude Pridgett) ( ) Southern Black minstrel and tent shows (T.O.B.A. in 1924) Blues singer from c recordings for Paramount EX. Gertrude 'Ma' Rainey - Bad Luck Blues - YouTubeGertrude 'Ma' Rainey - Bad Luck Blues - YouTube Rougher vocal style (also lesser quality of Paramount recordings) “Mother of the Blues” “Songbird of the South”

Bessie Smith ( ) Street busker (Chattanooga) Performer on T.O.B.A. circuit 1923 – Recordings for Columbia - marketed as “race” records Highest paid Black performer Exs. - Bessie Smith (Down Hearted Blues, 1923) Jazz Legend – YouTube - Bessie Smith - St. Louis Blues (1925) – YouTube (Textbook LG, p ) - Bessie Smith (Empty Bed Blues, 1928) Jazz Legend – YouTube - Bessie Smith- I need A Little Sugar In My bowlBessie Smith (Down Hearted Blues, 1923) Jazz Legend – YouTubeBessie Smith - St. Louis Blues (1925) – YouTubeBessie Smith (Empty Bed Blues, 1928) Jazz Legend – YouTubeBessie Smith- I need A Little Sugar In My bowl “Empress of the Blues”

The Blues (basic traits) [p ] Standard form – 3 phrases of 4 measures A – statement A(‘) – restatement (or intensification) B – completion/conclusion “12-bar Blues” (simple harmonies) IIII IVIVII VIVII “Call and Response” (voice & instruments) Double entendres (“I need a little sugar in my bowl, I need a little hotdog on my roll….”: Bessie Smith)

“Country Blues” AKA “rural”, “down-home” or “folk” blues Origins in Mississippi Delta (& elsewhere) see: Mississippi Blues Trail for markersMississippi Blues Trail Precursors in Af-Am folk music, work songs, field hollers, etc. (late 19 th C, post Civil War) Oral tradition, primarily solo performers - less rigid forms - variety of singing & accompaniment styles “Unknown” before recordings (c. mid-1920s)

Charley Patton (1887/91?-1934) “Father of the Delta Blues” Discovered by H.C. Speirs - Jackson, MS record store - talent scout for Northern labels Mixed racial heritage Guitar “gimmicks” & tricks Powerful voice Repertoire included blues, folk tunes, ballads, TPA, hymns EXAMPLES - Charlie Patton - Pony Blues - Original - YouTube - 'Tom Rushen Blues' CHARLEY PATTON (1929) Delta Blues Legend – YouTube (Textbook LG, pp ) - 'Screamin' And Hollerin' The Blues' CHARLEY PATTON, 1929 Delta Blues Guitar Legend - YouTubeCharlie Patton - Pony Blues - Original - YouTube'Tom Rushen Blues' CHARLEY PATTON (1929) Delta Blues Legend – YouTube'Screamin' And Hollerin' The Blues' CHARLEY PATTON, 1929 Delta Blues Guitar Legend - YouTube

Blind Lemon Jefferson ( ) born East Texas Sharecropper family Itinerant street musician Active in Dallas, TX (1920s) Records in Chicago (1925/26) - Gospel (“Deacon Bates”) - Blues (under own name) Wildly successful - sales in 100,000s (and more) - over 100 Tracks recorded - controversy over royalties EXAMPLES - Black Snake Moan - Blind Lemon Jefferson – YouTube (Textbook LG w/ lyrics, pp ) - 'See That My Grave Is Kept Clean' by BLIND LEMON JEFFERSON (1928) Classic Texas Blues - YouTube - Blind Lemon Jefferson - Match Box Blues - YouTubeBlack Snake Moan - Blind Lemon Jefferson – YouTube'See That My Grave Is Kept Clean' by BLIND LEMON JEFFERSON (1928) Classic Texas Blues - YouTubeBlind Lemon Jefferson - Match Box Blues - YouTube

Robert Johnson ( ) Mississippi roots Itinerant Musician - “competent harmonica” - “bad guitar”...but… exceptional technique (by ’32) - developed secretly - from the devil? Limited to 11 recordings Bottleneck Guitar (next slide) EXAMPLE - Robert Johnson CrossRoads - Cross Road Blues Song and Lyrics – YouTube (Textbook LG, 142-3) (ROBERT JOHNSON - CROSSROAD BLUES LYRICS)Robert Johnson CrossRoads - Cross Road Blues Song and Lyrics – YouTubeROBERT JOHNSON - CROSSROAD BLUES LYRICS

“Bottleneck Guitar” How to play “bottle neck” - How To Play Slide Guitar Intro To 1930 Bottleneck Blues Style - YouTubeHow To Play Slide Guitar Intro To 1930 Bottleneck Blues Style - YouTube “jetslide”