In this chapter we introduce the basics of probability.

A coin is tossed repeatedly until either a “Heads” is achieved or the coin has been tossed 4 times without achieving a “heads”. (a) List the sample space for this phenomenon. (b) Let E = {coin tossed three times}. List the outcomes in E. (c) Let F = {odd number of “Tails” are tossed}. List the outcomes in F.

A coin is tossed repeatedly until either a “Heads” is achieved or the coin has been tossed 4 times without achieving a “heads”. (d) Let G = {even number of tosses}. List the outcomes in G. (e) Which, if any, of the above events are disjoint?

If all outcomes in an event E are equally likely, the probability that event E occurs is:

Suppose a single card is selected from a standard deck of playing cards. Find each of the following: (a) P(6  is selected) (b) P(  is selected) (c) P(card selected is a face card and black) (d) P(card selected is a face card or black) (e) P(card selected is a red queen or a black even number)

In a bag are 7 blue ping pong balls and 3 white ping pong balls. We will select 3 balls from the bag (one at a time with replacement). Find the following probabilities. (a) P(all are blue) (b) P(exactly one ball is blue) (c) P(at least 2 balls are blue) (d) P(at least 1 ball is blue)

In a bag are 7 blue ping pong balls and 3 white ping pong balls. We will select 3 balls from the bag (one at a time without replacement). Find the following probabilities. (a) P(all are blue) (b) P(exactly one ball is blue) (c) P(at least 1 ball is blue)

E F 1 = 2 = 3 = 4 =

A poll taken in a small community showed that 70% of the people enjoy watching football on TV, 64% enjoy watching baseball on TV, and 56% enjoy watching both. Draw a Venn diagram representing this sample space and two events.