Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version Sustainable materials – usage for low energy buildings Summerschool Corsica 2014 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Nicole Riediger

Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version Classification within the House of Real Estate 2 Industrial Real estate Real Estate Developers Real Estate Users Real Estate Service Providers Real Estate Fin-ancial Institutions Construction Companies Real Estate Investors Portfolio- management PREMCREM Institutional Aspects Special Real estate Residential real estate Commercial real estate Law Urban PlanningArchitecture Economics Engineering Real Estate Development Facilities Management Construction Project Mgmt. Real Estate Marketing Real Estate Investment Real Estate Analysis Real Estate Finance Real Estate Appraisal Management-Aspects Strategy-related aspectsPhase-oriented aspectsFunction-specific aspects Business Administration Real Estate Economics Typological Aspects Interdisciplinary Aspects

Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version Life Cycle of a Building Quelle: Kochendörfer Projektmanagement.

Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version Basic Structure of a Feasibility Study Current situation technical economical legal ecological sociological Current situation technical economical legal ecological sociological Economical concept costs earnings yields Economical concept costs earnings yields Technical concept urban development architecture engineering Technical concept urban development architecture engineering Legal concept public law urban law tax law Legal concept public law urban law tax law Structure stakeholder contracts communication Structure stakeholder contracts communication Scheduling concept preparation realization maintenance Scheduling concept preparation realization maintenance Market analysis Stakeholder analysis  Idea/Utilization concept Market analysis Stakeholder analysis  Idea/Utilization concept also: Sociol concept Ecological concept etc. also: Sociol concept Ecological concept etc. Quelle: Kyrein, REM TU Berlin

Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version Target Setting in Project Management in RED designable Frame? designable frame technical restrictive condition legal restrictive condition economical restrictive condition Quelle: Kyrein, REM TU Berlin

Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version Target Setting in Project Management in RED II ecology economy urban development architecture engineering public law private law frame of the project sociology Quelle: Kyrein, REM TU Berlin

Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version Interference of Costs and Risc PlanningConstruction Utilization 100% FSB Study Start of work Fini- shing information costs influence time Concept Quelle: Kyrein, REM TU Berlin

Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version Cost planning depending on projects progress. Quelle: Kochendörfer Projektmanagement. Deviation of Cost Estimation Target corridor project’s progress

Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version Three Dimensions of Sustainability Quelle:

Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version Walls 40% Roof 7% Basement 6% Heat transmission 30% Airing rooms 17% Thermal Concept in General should include… Insulation of the roof Insulation of walls and windows –Double/triple glazing Insulation of basement –Ceiling –Entrance Building services –Heating system –Water supply –renewable energy  Avoid thermal bridges!

Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version Reasons/Motivation for Refurbishment Energy saving Changes in environment (e.g. urban development) New Owner (usage change) Situation in life (e.g. family, different generations in one building) Changes in real estate market (e.g. quality standard) Maintenance (combnation of measures) Ecological reasons (carbon footprint)

Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version Reasons for Thermal Rehabilitation for Owners Energy saving Changes in environment (e.g. urban development) New Owner (usage change) Situation in life (e.g. family, different generations in one building) Changes in real estate market (e.g. quality standard) Maintenance (combnation of measures) Ecological reasons (carbon footprint)

Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version Reasons for Thermal Rehabilitation for Owners Source: GfK/LBS Research 2012 interior climate environment protection maintenance energy costs Source: GfK/LBS Research 2012

Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version Steps to Energy Efficient Buildings Reducing Energy Windows size and direction (daylight) Insolation of envelop (keep temperature) Sunscreen (no overheating) Ventilation (natural ventilation) Effizient home appliances (reduce of energy demand) Improve Energy Supply Integration of photovoltaics (individual supply) solar heating (efficient heat production) Ventilation/heat recovery (Automatical/natural airing) Efficient lamps (optimize light) Source: BMVBS, Guideline: Energetisch sanieren gestalten – Baubestand nachhaltig weiterentwickeln, 2010

Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version Concepts of Refurbishments Source: Refurbishment of residential buildings in Hofheim, Germany, final report, Darmstadt, 2008; accessed April 2013

Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version Concept of Refurbishments – Example in Hofheim Residential Western Germany near Frankfurt Built in 1927 Two flats, 77sqm each Roof not used Celler Three very similar buildings

Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version Analysis of the current situation – 1st step Analysis of the existing building –Age –Number of buildings –Construction/materials –Former refurbishments –Squaremeters of external walls, ceiling celler, windows, roof-floors or top floor ceilings –thermal transmittance values (U-value) –Orientation of the building/climate

Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version Performance of some typical existing dwelling types (example) Source: Sustainable refurbishment, Enrgy Savinb Trust, edistion 2010, Refurbishment-2010-edition,

Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version Concept of Refurbishments External refurbishments New roof including / new floor for living Insulation of external walls, roof and cellar ceiling New roof covering New windows Loggias in the south (climate) Openings in the southern wall (climate?)

Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version Concept of Refurbishments Internal refurbishments New heating system New sanitary facilities (bathrooms, pipes etc.) New electrical installations Basic renovations

Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version External Wall Insulation Dry-cladding systems High flexibility of external appearance meets local planning requirements, using for example: –Timber panels. –Stone or clay tiles. –Brick slips (see figure). –Aluminium panels.

Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version Insulation of external wall - example vacuum insulation modules Very good insulation Very thin No tailoring on construction side Trainings for workers Barrier film very sensible Thermal bridges because of structural anchors metallized high barrier film Fumed silica Fleece Source: Refurbishment of residential buildings in Hofheim, Germany, final report, Darmstadt, 2008; accessed April 2013 See also: Sustainable?

Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version Roof - insulation on and between rafters New dormer, wooden roof construction Insulation between and on rafters necessary New roof covering

Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version U-values of upgrading of rafter insulation Source: Sustainable refurbishment, Enrgy Savinb Trust, edistion 2010, professionals/Refurbishment/Sustainable-Refurbishment-2010-edition,

Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version Insulation of flat roofs insulation above the new roof deck to avoid the risk of condensation. (below or above the weatherproofing membrane) Warm deck construction/ inverted warm deck construction Danger: rainwater to penetrates the insulation layer and reduce its thermal performance Source: Sustainable refurbishment, Enrgy Savinb Trust, edistion 2010, professionals/Refurbishment/Sustainable-Refurbishment-2010-edition,

Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version Windows /Doors New Double/triple glazing windows Tailoring of old wall insulation Insulation close to shutter (thermal bridge) Sensors in combination with heating system pssible Insulated doors achieve U-values as low as 0.8W/m2K, solid timber doors achieve ca. 3.0W/m2K.

Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version Excursion: Heatingsystem – New Approach „supply-oriented heating“„demand-oriented heating“ central heating pump decentralised pumps Source: · MODERNE GEBÄUDETECHNIK 3/2009

Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version Insulation of Envelope – Walls Walls behind the surface in bad condition -> time schedule!

Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version Floors The U-value for a ground floor depends on the floors thermal resistance, geometry, the ratio of floor perimeter (of external walls) to floor area (U-value for an endterrace property will be higher than for the midterrace property next door, even if the same thickness and type of insulation is provided to both…) Timber ground floors: little thermal resistance; sub-floor cross- ventilated, cold air readily leaks through the floor into the dwelling Concrete floors: Replacenment: insulation can be installed Possibility to add a layer of insulation on top of the existing floor

Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version Main Types of Ventilation Systems for Dwellings Natural ventilation and local extract fans. Whole house passive stack ventilation systems. Continuous mechanical extract ventilation. Positive input ventilation. Whole house balanced mechanical ventilation with heat recovery. Background ventilators

Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version Thermal Bridges

Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version Examples of Air Leakage Pathways 1. Through air bricks which are required to ventilate sub-floor voids to prevent wet and dry rot. 2. Gaps between floor boards, at the floor edge, and around radiator pipes. 3. Leaking windows and doors. 4. Pathways into floor voids and then through to the cavity at poorly pointed in joist ends. 5. Gaps between window and door frames and external walls. 6. Gaps at the edges of ceilings below a roof void. 7. Open chimneys. 8. Gaps around loft hatches. 9. Service penetrations (light fitting and water pipes etc.) through ceiling into floor or roof void. 10.Vents passing through the roof void. 11.Permanently open bathroom extract vents. 12.Gaps around bathroom waste pipes. 13.Permanently open kitchen extract vents. 14.Gaps around kitchen waste pipes. 15.Gaps between wall-to-floor joints, particularly in timber framed construction. 16.Gaps in and around electrical fittings in hollow walls.

Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version Reduction of Air Leakage

Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version Additional Problems to Solve… Thermally separated balconies Canopy roofs – thermal bridges Load bearing capacity of roofs for photovoltaics/solar modules Increasing maintenance of roofs Insulation of concrete base slab is difficult – insulation of the ceiling

Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version Source: Refurbishment of residential buildings in Hofheim, Germany, final report, Darmstadt, 2008; accessed April 2013

Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version Thank you.

Corsica summer school 2014 SuReReEnMaHo 2 year – Sustainable Refurbishment, retrofit and Energy Management in Housing Sustainable materials – usage for low energy Buildings Version Sustainable Materials with both eyes open (accessed April 2014) Sustainable Refurbishment (2010 edition) Category Practical guidance, Published 11/08/2011, Reference CE309, professionals/Refurbishment/Sustainable-Refurbishment-2010-edition, accessed May 2014 Source: Refurbishment of residential buildings in Hofheim, Germany, final report, Darmstadt, 2008; mt.pdf, accessed April 2013 Materials for Energy Efficiency and Thermal Comfort in Buildings, published M Hall