The Business of Science ® © Oxford Instruments 2009 Oxford Instruments Industrial Analysis Oxford Instruments Analytical GmbH Wellesweg 31 D Uedem (Germany) Jochen Meurs Senior Product Manager OES

Oxford Instruments The Business of Science ® © Oxford Instruments 2009 Industrial Analysis OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROMETRY

Oxford Instruments The Business of Science ® © Oxford Instruments 2009 Industrial Analysis It is all about light, wavelength and peaks In 1666 Isaac Newton collected sunlight with a magnifying glass, sent these beams of light through a prism and observed the passing light on a screen. He noticed a separation into colours. This colour ribbon is called a spectrum.

Oxford Instruments The Business of Science ® © Oxford Instruments 2009 Industrial Analysis Physical basics - Atoms

Oxford Instruments The Business of Science ® © Oxford Instruments 2009 Industrial Analysis Physical basics - Atoms

Oxford Instruments The Business of Science ® © Oxford Instruments 2009 Industrial Analysis Physical basics - Atoms

Oxford Instruments The Business of Science ® © Oxford Instruments 2009 Industrial Analysis Physical basics – emission of light Energy

Oxford Instruments The Business of Science ® © Oxford Instruments 2009 Industrial Analysis Physical basics – emission of light

Oxford Instruments The Business of Science ® © Oxford Instruments 2009 Industrial Analysis Physical basics - Light

Oxford Instruments The Business of Science ® © Oxford Instruments 2009 Industrial Analysis What is Light and what is a Spectrum Light : General definition: light is what we can see But light is a wave (energy) where different colours have different wavelengths (energy) Spectrum : Is a continuous range or sequence defined in a particular order. The colours available in a rainbow and visible by the human eye define a spectrum in which the individual colours has a defined appearance order and going from lower to higher wavelength (blue to red)

Oxford Instruments The Business of Science ® © Oxford Instruments 2009 Industrial Analysis The Light Spectrum The human eye is only able to see the spectral colours in the rainbow. Beside the visible part of the spectrum, the light spectrum has areas of „waves“ the human eye can not determine. Only spectrometers are able to observe the entire range. 100 nm 1000 nm 400 nm 800 nm Ultraviolet Infrared Violet 380 nm Blue 460 nm Green 510 nm Yellow 560 nm Orange 610 nm Red 660 nm

Oxford Instruments The Business of Science ® © Oxford Instruments 2009 Industrial Analysis Physical basics - Light  c / Conversion Frequency / Wavelength (c = speed of light)

Oxford Instruments The Business of Science ® © Oxford Instruments 2009 Industrial Analysis Principal of a Spectrometer Power CCD for the readout of the light-intensity Printout or storage of data Light Emission Sample Diffraction Grating, works similar like a prism Polychrome light Source and Ignition Computer Readout of the CCD, calculation of the results, steering of the source and printout/storage of the data 316 Steering of the source Readout of the Intensity, calculation of the results The light is reflected and separated by the diffraction grating. The spectra appears on the Rowland Circle.

Oxford Instruments The Business of Science ® © Oxford Instruments 2009 Industrial Analysis Schematic view of optical system Polychrome light, emitted during spark process, passes through the entrance slit and falls on the grating. The light is reflected and dispersed into individual spectral lines. The separated light is corresponding to particular wavelength of elements. The light than falls simultaneously on the CCD sensors. Entrance Slit Grating CCD Chips 130 – 800 nm Diffraction Grating: Is like a concave mirror, but with rules on it. Modern Gratings have up to 4000 rules/mm. The incoming light is reflected and diffracted. The spectra appears.

Oxford Instruments The Business of Science ® © Oxford Instruments 2009 Industrial Analysis It is all about light, wavelength and peaks

Oxford Instruments The Business of Science ® © Oxford Instruments 2009 Industrial Analysis Elements and Wavelength Why do all elements have many different spectral lines?....simply - each transition of an electron corresponds to a spectral line of a different wavelength The intensity relates to the probability of a transition Example:Aluminiumabout 400 lines Ferrumabout 4500 lines Uraniumabout 5000 lines Chromiumabout 2000 lines

Oxford Instruments The Business of Science ® © Oxford Instruments 2009 Industrial Analysis Spectrum of different samples RE12: approx. 120 ppm C BAS 406: % C BAS 407: 0.49 % C BAS 408: % C BAS 409: % C C – nm

Oxford Instruments The Business of Science ® © Oxford Instruments 2009 Industrial Analysis Visible spectrum

Oxford Instruments The Business of Science ® © Oxford Instruments 2009 Industrial Analysis The Spectrum of Fe – matrix between 268 nm and 273nm

Oxford Instruments The Business of Science ® © Oxford Instruments 2009 Industrial Analysis intensitiy concentration

Oxford Instruments The Business of Science ® © Oxford Instruments 2009 Industrial Analysis PMT System – limited element analysis

Oxford Instruments The Business of Science ® © Oxford Instruments 2009 Industrial Analysis CCD: coverage of the entire range  multi matrix capable

Oxford Instruments The Business of Science ® © Oxford Instruments 2009 Industrial Analysis Fields of use for spark-OES 1. Steel plant laboratories High performance SPARK OES spectrometer (ARL 4460) Vacuum optical system LOD‘s < 10 ppm, 1 ppm typical determination of gases like N 2 and O 2 possible T(ime) R(esolved) S(pectrometry) PMT detectors laboratory automation

Oxford Instruments The Business of Science ® © Oxford Instruments 2009 Industrial Analysis Fields of use for spark-OES 2. Foundry laboratories High performance SPARK OES spectrometer (OI FOUNDRY-MASTER Pro) Vacuum optical system LOD‘s < 50 ppm, 10 ppm typical determination of N 2 possible CCD detectors good price / performance ratio

Oxford Instruments The Business of Science ® © Oxford Instruments 2009 Industrial Analysis Fields of use for spark-OES 3. semi-finished products (e.g. tube manufacturers) Rugged mobile SPARK OES spectrometer (OI TEST-MASTER Pro) dust proof system LOD‘s < 100 ppm, 50 ppm typical determination of C, P, S possible CCD detectors 4 – 10 m probe umbilical in-line automation

Oxford Instruments The Business of Science ® © Oxford Instruments 2009 Industrial Analysis Fields of use for spark-OES 4. Fabricators (incoming inspection) Versatile mobile / stationary SPARK OES spectrometer multi-matrix (all technical metals) LOD‘s < 100 ppm, 50 ppm typical determination of C, P, S possible CCD detectors grade identification easy adaption to irregular shapes

Oxford Instruments The Business of Science ® © Oxford Instruments 2009 Industrial Analysis Fields of use for spark-OES 5. PMI-testing (refineries, power plants, ship yards) Versatile mobile SPARK OES spectrometer multi-matrix (all technical metals) LOD‘s < 100 ppm, 50 ppm typical determination of C, P, S possible CCD detectors grade identification easy adaption to irregular shapes battery operation P ositive M aterial I dentification

Oxford Instruments The Business of Science ® © Oxford Instruments 2009 Industrial Analysis Fields of use for spark-OES 6. Scrap sorting Handheld OES spectrometer multi-matrix (all technical metals) LOD‘s < 1000 ppm, 500 ppm typical CCD detectors grade identification easy adaption to irregular shapes battery operation Carbon determination not possible

Oxford Instruments The Business of Science ® © Oxford Instruments 2009 Industrial Analysis Oxford Instruments – Distinction by Innovation