Avian Flu Virus Compiled by: Marvin, Grace and CarleenCarleen

Preview Outbreak -The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported an outbreak of a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in birds affecting a number of countries in Asia, the Middle East, Europe and Africa. Avian influenza is a contagious viral infection that can affect all. Transmission-Avian influenza viruses (of which there are 15 types) infect wild bird populations, particularly water birds, typically without causing symptoms. The virus spreads through bird faeces and contaminated water or dust. When avian influenza spreads to poultry or other birds, it can cause more severe disease. Treatment-Amantadine Rimantadine Oseltamivir Tami Flu (United States)United States

Avian Infection Map

Lee, Mak, Saw. Public Health and Epidemiology Bulletin. 1999;8:1- 7. Influenza Type A (H5N1) First appeared in humans in Hong Kong, 1997 Primarily associated with avian species Fatal epidemic among Hong Kong poultry in total confirmed cases, with 6 deathsdeaths

Implications of H5N1 Infection Potential for pandemic infection by little-known pathogen Morbidity and mortality in both young and old No previous human exposure; no vaccine Signals need for Pandemic readiness plan Rapid detection and diagnosis of new viral strains Veterinary surveillance Continuing research for new antiviral agentsagents

D. ReleaseB. Entering CellC. Replication A. Binding Infection Process

Nasopharynx Trache a Infection Pathway

Signs and Symptoms Abrupt onset of symptoms Fever, usually over 100°F Nonproductive cough Chills and/or sweats Headache Myalgia Sore throat Potentially severe, persistent malaise Substernal soreness, photophobia, and ocular problemsproblems

. Risk Factors for Influenza Complications (CDC) Age  50 yrs Residence in nursing home/chronic care facilities Chronic pulmonary disease (e.g., asthma, COPD) Chronic cardiovascular disease Chronic metabolic diseases, renal dysfunction, hemoglobinopathy Immunosuppression Long-term aspirin therapy (ages 6 mos-18 yrs) Second or third trimester pregnancypregnancy

Tamiflu™ (oseltamivir phosphate) Contraindications and Precautions Contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to components Efficacy in the treatment of patients with chronic cardiac disease and/or respiratory disease has not been established No evidence of efficacy in non-influenza illness Safety and incidence of repeated treatment or prophylaxis courses not studiedstudied

Oxygen Nitrogen Oseltamivir

Prodrug Conversion of Tamiflu™ (oseltamivir phosphate) NH 2 O HN O OH O Oseltamivir carboxylatecarboxylate Ester Hydrolysi s Oseltamivir phosphate NH 2 H 3 PO 4 O HN O O O

Antivirals in the Treatment and Prophylaxis of Pediatric Influenza (Cont’d) Inhibits viral neuraminidase Efficacious against influenza A and B Approved for treatment in patients  1 year of age Approved for prophylaxis in adult patients and adolescents 13 years and older Orally administered by liquid or capsulecapsule Tamiflu ™ (oseltamivir phosphate)

Multimedia Presentation? Questions : 1. Will there be a pandemic? 2. Are we prepared? 3. How long before this happens? 4. Do we have enough vaccines? 5. Will the virus mutate? 6. Who will survive it? 7. Will the drugs be expensive? 8. Is the U.S.A doing enough? 9. Is it a form of biological weaponry? 10. Can we become immune to it?immune

Antivirals in the Treatment and Prophylaxis of Pediatric Influenza (Cont’d) Inhibits viral neuraminidase Efficacious against influenza A and B Approved for treatment in patients  7 years of age Not indicated for prophylaxis Administered by inhalation onlyonly Zanamivir (Relenza ® )

Summary Essay Highlights Contagious Respiratory illness Can result in death Young and old susceptible Mainly among birds Risk to humans low Not normal flu virus H5N1 is sensitive to heat No effective vaccine Tami Flu available Ethyl Ester Inhibits neuraminidase Has potential to become pandemic PowerPoint Highlights First human case was China Affects respiratory system Infection Path Binding Entrance Replication Release Pandemic possibility still debatable Tami Flu is available in the U.S.A Mainly Asian countries affected W.H.O declares the situation grave

Flu Find A Word Words birds CDC culling pandemic Tami flu WHO L A U L F I M A T X P U H P Y X H R K Q S D R I B T S S H Z U D Z G J I P A N D E M I C A C U C U L L I N G K D U X W U D W N B W C R M L H K J Q H X Q J O H W U

Good Luck THE END Center For Disease Control Carleen Yahoo Alltheweb Grace Encarta Online Encyclopedia Wikipedia Public Health and Epidemiology Bulletin. Marvin