Chapter 4 Literature.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 4 Literature

Classics and Masterpieces Classics-have outlived their time and continue to be relevant. May be remade into modern versions Sons of Anarchy (Hamlet) 10 Things I Hate About You (Taming of the Shrew) Masterpieces- a work that in style, execution, and resonance far exceeds what other writers were doing at the same time Many classics are masterpieces, but they don’t have to be

The First Epic: Gilgamesh Epic-long narrative poem recounting the actions and adventures of a hero (not necessarily moral) Gilgamesh-tyrannical king who intimidated even the gods so they created a compassionate counterpart for him (Enkidu) The 2 heros wrestle, resulting in a tie. Enkidu eventually dies but Gilgamesh lives on…some interpret it as aggressiveness outlasting kindness

The Iliad Accounts for the 10 year duration of the conflict between Greece and Troy. Achilles Trojan Horse Helen of Troy Unique because it shows not only the glory of Greece but the tragedy of the losing side. Can be categorized as a tragedy because of the story of Hector, the Trojan hero. His ambition is his fatal flaw.

Iliad as a Masterpiece Established the fundamental principle- real life is not a simple struggle between good and evil. Internal conflict of Hector makes it a great tragedy

Poetry Lyrical Poetry-sung to accompany a lyre Popular with Romans Written about pleasurable pursuits of life-good food, wine, expressed personal feelings (unrequited love) Sonnet-14 line poetic form Popular in Italy during the Renaissance Iambic pentameter Petrarch is the most famous, wrote to his married love, Laura Unrequited love

Shakespeare’s Sonnets Extraordinary vocabulary Genius lies in his ability to merge form and content into a unified whole

Poetry Devices Metaphors Conceits An abstract is explained in terms of something that is visual and concrete Ex. Juliette is the sun Special kind of metaphor, elaborate and extended associations between 2 dissimilar things Ex. Your Spouse and God

Haiku Detestable crow! Today alone you please me- Black against the snow. short poem in which the writer captures a thought or image captured from nature. Springs from the Buddhist tradition

Forms Religious Poetry Premodernism The urge to communicate and sing the praises of a deity is an early component of the humanities Some fear “modern” poetry will be too hard to understand. Emily Dickinson is on the threshold of modern poetry, influenced by both lyrical and modern

Poetry of Our Time Can be read and reread, studied Most modern poets prefer their work not be analyzed or translated into prose, loses its meaning

The Novel Essentially a long narrative First “official” novel was The Tale of Genji Romances-french stories of knights, bravery and love affairs Word “novel” comes from Latin meaning new and unfamiliar

Early Western Novels First Western novel was Don Quixote by Cervantes English novels were presented as true stories of adventurers, such as Gulllivers Travels by Jonathan Swift and Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe Alonso Quixana is an older gentleman who lives in La Mancha, in the Spanish countryside. He has read many of the books of chivalry and as a result, he has lost his wits, and he decides to roam the country as a knight-errant named Don Quixote de La Mancha.

Washington Irving “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” James Fennimore Cooper The Last of the Mohicans Nathanial Hawthorne The Scarlet Letter Mark Twain Huckleberry Finn F. Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby Ernest Hemmingway The Old Man and the Sea The Novel in America American writers were slow to gain respect and recognition from readers in other countries. Eventually they earned the respect of their international peers

The Coming-of-Age Novel Huckleberry Finn The Catcher in the Rye The Member of the Wedding The Coming-of-Age Novel Influenced by Freud’s unveiling of the inner world as well as the growth of the new science of developmental psychology, authors started a new genre of literature centered on the early stages of youthful consciousness.

The Short Story-An American Invention Magazine Fiction Epiphany Printed pieces of short fiction that could be read in one sitting. Edgar Allen Poe The sudden insight into life or human nature which short stories often give us “The Lottery”

The Short Story Today Literary trend today is the zeitgeist of our age: there is no overarching theory that applies to people and their cultures the world over