Chapter 3: Section 2 The First Empires In time, strong rulers conquered the whole region, creating the first empires A state containing several countries or territories The Conquest of Sumer Years of frequent fighting made Sumerian city-states grow weaker Conflict in Sumer An ally is an independent state that works with other states to achieve a shared military or political goal 2450 BCE Umma and Lagash met in a major battle Umma defeated Lagash and several other Sumerian city-states Sargon builds an Empire Akkadian people lived to the northwest of Sumer Spoke a different language and had different customs Akkadian King Sargon became king of Sumerian city-state of Kish Akkadian’s army conquered other Mesopotamian city-states Created world’s first empire: the Akkadian empire

The Akkadian Empire Ends Akkadian Culture A cultural trait is an idea or way of doing things that is common in a certain culture Akkadians and Sumerians had similar religious practices and used cuneiform writing The Akkadian Empire Ends Sargon appointed local rulers and controlled empire for more than 50 years Sargon died in 2279 BCE Growing number of rebellions and invasions Within 100 years, the empire collapsed Warriors from the Zagros Mountains (east of Tigris river) tool control Around 2100 BCE, Sumer was united by Ur-Nammu- the ruler of Ur Issued world’s first law code Prospered for 100 years Rebels from the east destroyed Ur

The Amorites took control of Babylon The Empire Forms The Babylonian Empire The Amorites took control of Babylon The Empire Forms Hammurabi became king of Babylon in 1792 BC United southern Mesopotamia Excellent military leader and skilled ruler Created strong government, built many public buildings, and encouraged trade Hammurabi’s Code A set of nearly 300 laws that governed life in the Babylonian empire An eye for an eye Laws treated various groups of people differently Penalty for harming someone of higher rank was greater More detailed than Ur-Nammu law code Established and enforced rule of law- the idea that all members of a society must obey the law.

Daily Life in Babylonia Revolved around agriculture In cities- sold tools, weapons, pottery, perfumes, and medicines Beautiful stone and bronze sculptures Jewelry from gold and precious stones Legacy of Sumer Babylonian empire collapsed in 1750 BCE Sumerian advances in technology, farming, writing, learning, and law lived on

Section 2 Quiz A state containing several countries or territories is called city-state empire region ally Sargon created the world’s first empire by conquering Hammurabi’s empire Babylonian territory Zagros warriors Mesopotamian city-states The laws that Hammurabi issued are called Hammurabi’s Code Demands Justice Laws Who was responsible for making Babylon the center of Mesopotamian empire? The king of Umma Sargon Hammurabi Ur-Nammu The Akkadians’ and Sumerians’ use of the cuneiform system of writing is an example of a shared Rule of law Cultural trait government language