Cell Structure & Function

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Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells Cells are the smallest working units of all living things All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions

Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell Bacteria

Cell Parts aka Organelles

Cell Membrane Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell Double layer Nickname: Border Patrol Analogy: Border

Cell Wall Most commonly found in plant cells Supports & protects cells Nickname: Tree Bark Analogy: brick wall

Nucleus Directs cell activities Contains genetic material – DNA Nickname: Control Center Analogy: City Hall

Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture Surrounded by cell membrane Nickname: Jello Analogy: atmosphere (air)

Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands Make proteins Found on Endoplasmic Reticulum & floating throughout the cell Nickname: Ribs!! Analogy: Lumber Mill

Mitochondria Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates Nickname: Powerhouse Analogy: Power Plant

Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal Usually contains water Much larger in plant cells Nickname: Ziploc bag Analogy: Water Tower

Chloroplast Usually found in plant cells Contains green chlorophyll Where photosynthesis takes place Nickname: greenhouse Analogy: solar panels

Lysosome Digestive organelle for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes Nickname: Garbageman Analogy: Waste Management

“Typical” Animal Cell /~ acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

“Typical” Plant Cell