DiscoveringDevonianMicrofossils ABLE 2005 Charlie Drewes Ecology, Evolution & Organismal Biology Iowa State University, Ames IA
What are microfossils? fossilized remains (plant, animal, protozoan) derive from hard parts (exoskeleton, endoskeleton, covering, shell, teeth) less than 1-2 mm in size (> mm) imbedded in rock or loose particles research utility (paleoenvironmental reconstruction, biostratigraphy, paleooceanography) educational use (hands-on, inquiry, discovery)
Focal Points: Biodiversity Paleontology Evolution
MYA MYA MYA MYA
DEVONIANDEVONIAN “the age of the fishes”
DEVONIANDEVONIAN
DEVONIAN Fossil Deposits in Iowa Rockford
x I save
small-sized granules and microfossils ▼ ▼▼ ▼
Microfossils & Accessories p. 6 C washed, sievings dispensing spoon rubber-tipped widgets
microfossil sorting dish p. 4
Retrieval & transfer of microfossils pp. 4 & 6
█ Foraminifera (multi-chambered shell) █ Charophyte algae (oogonia) █ Sponge (spicules) █ Bryozoa (branching or fenestrated tubes) █ Snail (coiled shell) █ Tentaculite (long, conical shell) █ Polychaete (jaws) █ Ostracod (bivalve carapace) █ Brachiopod (articulating shells) █ Crinoid (articulating, internal ossicles) █ Conodont animal (jaw apparatus) █ miscellaneous spines from unknown origin Microfossil Category Checklist p. 7
1) Common name for organisms in this category? 2) Give phylum (or class) name for these fossils? 3) What hard part/structures forms the fossil? 4) What is likely composition of original hard part? 5) Was this a colonial or solitary organism? 6) Was this a sessile or free moving organism? 7) How did the organism gather food? 8) What related marine forms exist today? 9) What are the closest living freshwater relatives? 10) Other questions… Microfossil Data Sheet Name __________________ Date_____ Microfossil Category____________________ Sketches Questions p. 9
FORAMINIFERANS
CHAROPHYTES - oogonia stoneworts
SPONGE SPICULES
BRYOZOANS
GASTROPODS - snails
TENTACULITES
annelids SCOLECODONTS
OSTRACODS seed shrimp crustacean
BRACHIOPODS lamp shells
CRINOIDS sea lilies echinoderms
CONODONTSCONODONTS hypothetical conodont animal
unidentified spines, etc
p. 7 & 8 Analysis and Questions Comparative abundance of specimens from various microfossil categories? Comparison of students’ specimens to web images of microfossils? Other marine invertebrates and vertebrates represented as Devonian macrofossils? North America position during Devonian? Brief essay about Devonian environment?
TAKE-HOME 1) CD: Image Gallery: Devonian Microfossils & Macrofossil PowerPt slides: Discovering Devonian Microfossils Writeup: Discovering Devonian Microfossils 2) Tube of washed sievings with microfossils 3) Microfossil tools (spoon, widget sticks, widget rubberlegs, microrulers) 4) Microfossil sample slide & slide-box