History of Canada Standards: SS6H4 The student will describe the impact of European contact on Canada. a. Describe the influence of the French and the English on the language and religion of Canada. b. Explain how Canada became an independent nation. SS6H5 The student will analyze important contemporary issues in Canada. a. Describe Quebec’s independence movement.

European Colonization

The French and British Arrive Native Americans have lived in Canada for thousands of years. The first Europeans to explore the region were Vikings from Scandinavia who arrived around 1000AD. These first Europeans did not establish permanent settlements. Other Europeans explored Canada during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The French and British Arrive

In 1603, a French explorer named Samuel de Champlain arrived and established a colony called Port Royal. In 1608, he founded the colony of Quebec along the shore of the St. Lawrence River. The French colonies in Canada soon grew and profited from an abundant fur trade with Native Americans. French Exploration

In 1610, an Englishman named John Guy recognized the wealth Canada’s resources could produce and established several British colonies in the territory. As France and Great Britain continued to expand their territories in North America, tensions between the rivals grew. British Exploration

Canada and The French and Indian War In 1754, France and Great Britain went to war. They fought to see who would control North America. Great Britain eventually won and gained control of Canada in 1763. Although Great Britain governed Canada, many Canadians still saw themselves as French. They did not like being rules by the British. Canada and The French and Indian War

Canada’s Independence Movement During the War of 1812, English- and French- speaking Canadians united to fight against U.S. forces. Following the was, immigration issues further united Canadians. Citizens did not like the fact that large waves of immigrants were arriving from Great Britain and Ireland. The unity produced by the war and opposition to immigration led Canadian cries for independence. Canada’s Independence Movement

Canada’s Independence Movement After two failed rebellions, Canada finally won recognition as a British dominion in 1867. A dominion was a territory within the British Empire that was allowed to have its own constitution and practice a certain amount of self-rule. In 1931, Great Britain recognized Canada’s right to self-rule. Canada finally severed all legislative dependence on Great Britain when the British Parliament passed the Canada Act of 1982. Although now an independent country, modern Canada still enjoys a close relationship with the United Kingdom of Great Britain. Canada’s Independence Movement

Quebec’s Modern Independence Movement Quebec is a Canadian province. Many cultural differences exists between Quebec and the rest of Canada. People in Quebec predominantly speak French as their first language. In other parts of Canada, people speak English. Cultural differences have led to the rise of Quebec’s independence movement. Many people in Quebec want the province to be recognized as its own country. Quebec’s Modern Independence Movement

Quebec’s Modern Independence Movement In 2006, the Canadian House of Commons (part of Canada’s parliament) passes a resolution recognizing that the French-speaking citizens of Quebec form a distinct nation within Canada. Among the people who live in Quebec, roughly half support official independence. Quebec’s Modern Independence Movement

POP QUIZ

Question 1 What nation established the first colony in Canada? France Great Britain Spain The United States Question 1

Question 2 Who ruled Canada after the French and Indian War? France Great Britain Native Americans The United States Question 2

Question 3 What did Samuel de Champlain and John Guy have in common? They both established colonies in Canada. They both helped liberate South America. They both supported the Cuban Revolution. They both supported Quebec’s independence movement. Question 3

Who of the following would most likely support Quebec’s independence movement? Canadian nationalist outside Quebec French-speaking Canadians English-speaking Canadians Zapatistas Question 4