Order Dermaptera Earwigs

Order Dermaptera Simple metamorphosis Chewing mouthparts Large pincers on abdomen Some are predaceous Some detritivores

Earwigs Locations Found in cool damp areas under boards, concrete, ground liter, etc. Occasionally indoors Damage Feeds on ripe fruit Vegetable gardens Controls (chemical, biological, IPM) Various insecticides

Earwigs

Order Isoptera Termites

Order Isoptera Simple metamorphosis Chewing mouthparts Locations Some nest in soil Some nest in trees and wooden structures

Termites Damage Sever damage to wooden structures from feeding and tunneling Controls (chemical, biological, IPM) Insecticidal soil drenching Fumigation Sprays and dusts

Termites Reproductive stage is “on the wing” Winged stage referred to alates Three types of termites Subterranean type Drywood type Dampwood type

Subterranean Termites Lives in the soil Active after rains Tunnels along the grain Lives in a caste system Huge colonies Black/brown reproductives Lives in earthen tunnels Control Soil drench injections

Drywood Termites Attacks sound wood Tunnels across the grain Active after rains Lives in smaller colonies than subterranean types Reproductives are lighter red/brown Requires fumigation to control

Dampwood Termites Attacks rotting dampwood Larger than drywood types Same color as drywood types

Termites

Order Thysanoptera Thrips

Order Thysanoptera Simple metamorphosis Piercing-sucking mouthparts Locations On tender foliage, in flowers and on fruit

Thrips Damage Pierce into plant cells Causes flowers to not open, open deformed or discolored Causes russeting on fruit skin

Thrips Damage Causes “silvering” or “bleaching” and deformation of leaves Some thrips are predaceous Some are serious greenhouse pests

Thrips Controls (chemical, biological, IPM) Flower thrips can be hard to treat when inside flower buds Systemic insecticides Various insecticides

Order Hemiptera The “True” Bugs

Hemipterans - True Bugs Order Hemiptera Some pests, some beneficials Simple metamorphosis Piercing-sucking mouthparts Two pair of wings “bug” is always a separate word

Hemipterans - True Bugs Locations All over Southern California Bird’s nests Animal and human bedding Plant feeders Predaceous Parasitic Some aquatic species

Hemiptera Damage Transmits disease to humans and animals Damage to foliage, flowers and fruit Inject chemicals into plants when feeding Adverse affects on plant growth

Hemiptera Stink Bug Family Pentatomidae Leaf-Footed Bug Family Coreidae Chinch Bug Family Lygaeidae

Hemiptera Controls (chemical, biological, IPM) Various insecticides Systemic insecticides Water Strider Family Gerridae

Hemiptera Water Boatman Family Corixidae Giant Water Bug Family Belostomatidae Backswimmer Family Notonectidae

Hemiptera

Snails & Slugs Phylum Mollusca

European Brown Garden Snail Class Gastropoda Helix aspersa First described by O.F. Muller in 1774 in Italy First introduced into California in the 1850s as a delicacy – escargot Serious economic pest to agricultural crops as well as ornamentals They are protected by a hard spiraled shell

European Brown Garden Snail Snails travel on a mucus trail excreted from glands under a single muscular organ called a “foot” They are a nocturnal plant feeder – also feed on bark and organic matter in the soil They prefer cool, moist environments Snails have both male and female reproductive organs Snails are self-fertile and cross-breed as well

European Brown Garden Snail Snails lay from 30 to 120 eggs at one time – over 400 eggs per year The eggs are buried in soil 1” to 1-1/2” deep Each adult can lay eggs every six weeks from February to October Eggs hatch in about 2 weeks and the snails require about 2 years to reach maturity

European Brown Garden Snail Is He Handsome or What?

European Brown Garden Snail Snail Infestation Mating Adults

Gray Garden Slug Class Gastropoda Agriolimax reticulatus Up to 60 mm long, pale creamish, brownish or slate colored with dark spots The sole is pale and the mucus white and sticky Eggs are 3 mm x 2.5 mm, whitish, translucent, and laid in clusters of (or more) Hatching time is three weeks Young slugs are 4 mm, whitish translucent

Gray Garden Slug Agriolimax reticulatus

Gray Garden Slug Agriolimax reticulatus