X-Ray Diffraction Path Length Phase Difference For a new atom in a unit cell xa yb
Diffraction angle: 2 d sin = sin = /2d Bright spot d (h,k,l)
Reflection from plane through new atom Planes at same angle
New plane at spacing = (hx + ky + lz) d
Extra path length: x = sin On each side sin
Extra path length: x = 2 sin But sin = /2d Bragg spot x = /d sin xx
phase difference: 2 radians in one x 2 / = 2 /d sin
phase difference: = 2 (hx + ky + lz) sin
phase difference: = 2 (hx + ky + lz) sin 2 ix / e e 2 ix/ +
phase difference: = 2 (hx + ky + lz) sin 2 ix / e e e 2 i(hx+ky+lz)
Systematic Extinctions Body Centered Cubic x = ½ y = ½ z = ½ = 2 (hx + ky + lz) = 2 (h/2 + k/2 + l/2) xa yb
Systematic Extinctions Body Centered Cubic (1,1,1): = 2 (1/2 + 1/2 + 1/2) (1,1,1): = 3 waves cancel h+k+l = even xa yb