Correcting Sentence Fragments What is a sentence fragment? How to fix a sentence fragment Review A Review B

What is a sentence fragment? Not all “sentences” are created equal. Look at the following two groups of words: Fragment The weeds grew. Because of the rain. The weeds grew. Because of the rain. The weeds grew. Because of the rain. The weeds grew. Because of the rain. They both begin with a capital letter. They both end with a period. BUT The second does not express a complete thought. It is a sentence fragment.

What is a sentence fragment? A sentence fragment does not have all the basic parts of a complete sentence. Fragments do not express a complete thought and are missing important information. No subject Examples Reached the campsite early. No verb The ground muddy and wet after the storm. Not a complete thought Because the tent had a leak in it.

What is a sentence fragment? Complete sentence A complete sentence is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought. Subject Verb Some species are in danger. Some species are in danger. Some species are in danger. Subject Verb Scientists study these animals. Scientists study these animals. Scientists study these animals.

What is a sentence fragment? To identify sentence fragments, use a simple test: 1. Does the group of words have a subject? 2. Does it have a verb? 3. Does it express a complete thought? If the answer to any of these questions is no, you have a fragment.

What is a sentence fragment? Here’s another test to identify sentence fragments.* Grammar Gal Says... Plug the word group into the frame “I know that         .” If the statement makes sense, the word group is a complete sentence. If not, then it is a fragment. I know that she likes music. She likes music. Sentence I know that playing a guitar. Playing a guitar. Fragment *Source: Linguist Rei Noguchi

What is a sentence fragment? Apply the test to the following group of words: The bird sat on a high branch. The bird sat on a high branch. The bird sat on a high branch. The bird sat on a high branch. Sentence 1. Does the group of words have a subject? Yes 2. Does it have a verb? Yes 3. Does it express a complete thought? Yes

What is a sentence fragment? Don’t be fooled by words that look like verbs but really aren’t. A word that ends in -ing cannot stand as a verb unless it has a helping verb (such as is, are, or were) with it. Grammar Gal Says... Fragment The hamster running in his wheel. Sentence The hamster is running in his wheel.

What is a sentence fragment? Apply the test to the following group of words: After the train left the station. After the train left the station. After the train left the station. After the train left the station. Fragment 1. Does the group of words have a subject? Yes Yes 2. Does it have a verb? No 3. Does it express a complete thought? What happened after the train left the station?

What is a sentence fragment? Identify which of the following are sentence fragments. Be prepared to explain your answer. 1. Took our telescope with us. 2. Mr. Yang a perfect clearing on the mountain. 3. We watched the meteor shower from there. 4. Because the sky was clear that night.

What is a sentence fragment? Identify which of the following are sentence fragments. Be prepared to explain your answer. 1. Took our telescope with us. Fragment Subject: No Verb: Yes. Took. Complete thought: No The group of words is a fragment because it has no subject and does not express a complete thought.

What is a sentence fragment? Identify which of the following are sentence fragments. Be prepared to explain your answer. 2. Mr. Yang a perfect clearing on the mountain. Fragment Subject: Yes. Mr. Yang. Verb: No Complete thought: No The group of words is a fragment because it has no verb and does not express a complete thought.

What is a sentence fragment? Identify which of the following are sentence fragments. Be prepared to explain your answer. 3. We watched the meteor shower from there. Sentence Subject: Yes. We. Verb: Yes. Watched. Complete thought: Yes The group of words is a sentence because it has a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought.

What is a sentence fragment? Identify which of the following are sentence fragments. Be prepared to explain your answer. 4. Because the sky was clear that night. Fragment Subject: Yes. Sky. Verb: Yes. Was. Complete thought: No The group of words is a fragment. Although it has a subject and a verb, it does not express a complete thought.

What is a sentence fragment? On Your Own Determine whether each group of words is a fragment or a complete sentence. If the item is a complete sentence, write C. If the item is a fragment, write F. If the item is a fragment, write an S if it’s missing a subject, a V if it’s missing a verb, or an I if it expresses an incomplete thought. ___ 1. Some Asian flying squirrels three feet long. ___ 2. Flying squirrels can glide through the air. ___ 3. Leap from one tree to another. ___ 4. If they start high up in the tree. [End of Section]

What is a sentence fragment? Answers Determine whether each group of words is a fragment or a complete sentence. If the item is a complete sentence, write C. If the item is a fragment, write F. If the item is a fragment, write an S if it’s missing a subject, a V if it’s missing a verb, or an I if it expresses an incomplete thought. ___ 1. Some Asian flying squirrels three feet long. ___ 2. Flying squirrels can glide through the air. ___ 3. Leap from one tree to another. ___ 4. If they start high up in the tree. F-V C F-S F-I

How to fix a sentence fragment Add a subject To fix a sentence fragment, first figure out which piece is missing. If the word group is missing a subject, add a subject to make it into a complete sentence. Fragment Complete sentence Cared for the sick zebra. The zookeeper cared for the sick zebra. No subject. Who cared for the zebra? Fragment Complete sentence Every day fed her a special food. Every day he fed her a special food. No subject. Who fed her?

How to fix a sentence fragment Add a verb If a fragment is missing a verb, add a verb to make it into a complete sentence. Complete sentence Fragment The leaf The leaf slowly down the stream. floated slowly down the stream. No verb. What did the leaf do slowly? Complete sentence Fragment More leaves More leaves from the trees soon. will fall from the trees soon. No verb. What will the leaves do soon?

How to fix a sentence fragment Determine what part is missing from each sentence fragment below. If the subject is missing, write S. If the verb is missing, write V. Then change the fragment into a complete sentence by adding the missing part. ___ 1. Play in the yard every day. ___ 2. The rain from the edge of the roof. ___ 3. Waited at the bus stop for an hour. ___ 4. The dog happily the ball.

How to fix a sentence fragment Determine what part is missing from each sentence fragment below. If the subject is missing, write S. If the verb is missing, write V. Then change the fragment into a complete sentence by adding the missing part. Possible Answer ___ 1. Play in the back yard every day. ___ 1. The squirrels play in the yard every day. S S The subject is missing. What play in the yard? Add a subject to make a complete sentence.

How to fix a sentence fragment Determine what part is missing from each sentence fragment below. If the subject is missing, write S. If the verb is missing, write V. Then change the fragment into a complete sentence by adding the missing part. Possible Answer ___ 2. The rain dripped from the edge of the roof. V ___ 2. The rain from the edge of the roof. V The verb is missing. What did the rain do? Add a verb to make a complete sentence.

How to fix a sentence fragment Determine what part is missing from each sentence fragment below. If the subject is missing, write S. If the verb is missing, write V. Then change the fragment into a complete sentence by adding the missing part. Possible Answer ___ 3. The family waited at the bus stop for an hour. S ___ 3. Waited at the bus stop for an hour. S The subject is missing. Who waited? Add a subject to make a complete sentence.

How to fix a sentence fragment Determine what part is missing from each sentence fragment below. If the subject is missing, write S. If the verb is missing, write V. Then change the fragment into a complete sentence by adding the missing part. Possible Answer ___ 4. The dog happily the ball. ___ 4. The dog happily fetched the ball. V V The verb is missing. What did the dog do with the ball? Add a verb to make a complete sentence.

How to fix a sentence fragment On Your Own Determine whether each group of words is a fragment (F) or a complete sentence (C). If the item is a fragment, make it into a complete sentence by adding the missing subject or verb. ___ 1. Wants to send a postcard to her aunt. ___ 2. June is visiting the museum today. ___ 3. Mr. Leonard the field trip carefully. ___ 4. Lucio wants to see the planetarium.

How to fix a sentence fragment Possible Answers Determine whether each group of words is a fragment (F) or a complete sentence (C). If the item is a fragment, make it into a complete sentence by adding the missing subject or verb. ___ 1. Wants to send a postcard to her aunt. ___ 2. June is visiting the museum today. ___ 3. Mr. Leonard the field trip carefully. ___ 4. Lucio wants to see the planetarium. F Shana wants to send a postcard to her aunt. C F Mr. Leonard planned the field trip carefully. C

How to fix a sentence fragment Attach the fragment to a complete sentence Sometimes you can fix a sentence fragment by attaching it to a complete sentence. Fragment Complete sentence + Until the sun went down. They played football. Not a complete thought Complete sentence = They played football until the sun went down.

How to fix a sentence fragment Attach the fragment to a complete sentence Sometimes you can fix a sentence fragment by attaching it to a complete sentence. Fragment Complete sentence + Before the game began. We bought some snacks. Not a complete thought Complete sentence = Before the game began, we bought some snacks.

How to fix a sentence fragment Each item contains one fragment and one complete sentence. Label the fragment F and the complete sentence C. Then combine the two to make one complete sentence. 1. ___ If you receive a gift. ___ You should send a thank-you note. 2. ___ My father is energetic. ___ Because he eats healthful foods. 3. ___ Before I brought the puppy home. ___ I bought a dog bed and some food.

How to fix a sentence fragment Each item contains one fragment and one complete sentence. Label the fragment F and the complete sentence C. Then combine the two to make one complete sentence. 1. ___ If you receive a gift. ___ You should send a thank-you note. F C If you receive a gift, you should send a thank-you note. OR You should send a thank-you note if you receive a gift.

How to fix a sentence fragment Each item contains one fragment and one complete sentence. Label the fragment F and the complete sentence C. Then combine the two to make one complete sentence. 2. ___ My father is energetic. ___ Because he eats healthful foods. C F My father is energetic because he eats healthful foods. OR Because he eats healthful foods, my father is energetic.

How to fix a sentence fragment Each item contains one fragment and one complete sentence. Label the fragment F and the complete sentence C. Then combine the two to make one complete sentence. 3. ___ Before I brought the puppy home. ___ I bought a dog bed and some food. F C Before I brought the puppy home, I bought a dog bed and some food. OR I bought a dog bed and some food before I brought the puppy home.

How to fix a sentence fragment On Your Own Identify the sentence fragments in the following paragraph. Then fix each fragment by attaching it to a complete sentence. Change capitalization and punctuation wherever necessary. The weather cleared. While we were driving to the campground. We traveled for hours. When we arrived at our campsite. Mom and I set up the tent. My sister hiked to the river with her friend. As the sun set. We cooked bean soup over the fire. [End of Section]

How to fix a sentence fragment Possible Answer Identify the sentence fragments in the following paragraph. Then fix each fragment by attaching it to a complete sentence. Change capitalization and punctuation wherever necessary. The weather cleared. While we were driving to the campground. We traveled for hours. When we arrived at our campsite. Mom and I set up the tent. My sister hiked to the river with her friend. As the sun set. We cooked bean soup over the fire. The weather cleared while we were driving to the campground. We traveled for hours. When we arrived at our campsite, Mom and I set up the tent. My sister hiked to the river with her friend. As the sun set, we cooked bean soup over the fire.

Review A Identify each word group as a sentence fragment (F) or a complete sentence (C). ___ 1. Jenna the back door open. ___ 2. The geese fly south in winter. ___ 3. Walks the dog after dinner each evening. ___ 4. Someone broke the lock. ___ 5. Because the ground freezes at night. [End of Section]

Review A Identify each word group as a sentence fragment (F) or a complete sentence (C). F ___ 1. Jenna the back door open. C ___ 2. The geese fly south in winter. ___ 3. Walks the dog after dinner each evening. F C ___ 4. Someone broke the lock. ___ 5. Because the ground freezes at night. F

Review B Revise each fragment in the following paragraph by (1) adding a subject, (2) adding a verb, or (3) attaching the fragment to a complete sentence. Change capitalization and punctuation wherever necessary. My friends and I for a hike in the mountains. Put some food, water, and first aid supplies in our packs. Then drove us to the trailhead. Before we had hiked very far. My parents were reminding us to stay nearby. They good hikers themselves. When we arrived at the overlook. Mom spread out a small picnic for us. [End of Section]

Review B Possible Answers Revise each fragment in the following paragraph by (1) adding a subject, (2) adding a verb, or (3) attaching the fragment to a complete sentence. Change capitalization and punctuation wherever necessary. My friends and I went for a hike in the mountains. We put some food, water, and first aid supplies in our packs. Then my parents drove us to the trailhead. Before we had hiked very far, my parents were reminding us to stay nearby. They are good hikers themselves. When we arrived at the overlook, Mom spread out a small picnic for us.

The End