Smell and Taste Smell aka Olfaction (Latin olfacere) Taste aka Gustation (Latin gustare) Minor Senses - Really? Chemical Senses Smell and Taste very closely.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Olfaction Notes Maddie Cline, Kelly Piper, Meg Mori, Emma Ivanauskas.

Advertisements

Physiology Behrouz Mahmoudi Olfactory System 1.

Chapter 14: Smell Smell and taste (gustation and olfaction) are chemical senses in that the signal for the sense is a molecular chemical or ion which stimulates.

Olfaction The Sense of Smell.

Gustation and Olfaction A running nose!. Why Taste? Help distinguish safe from unsafe ◦ Bitter, sour = unpleasant ◦ Salty, sweet, “meaty” (umami) = pleasant.

THE OLFACTORY SYSTEM BY: STEWART DIAZ. FUNCTION The olfactory system is pretty much the system you use to detect odor. The mechanism the system uses is.

OLFACTORY SYSTEM BY: SULIE GARCIA AND VALERIE GONZALEZ.

Mary Lynn, Kyle, Cameron, Jack, Andrew, Izzy

Sensation and Perception - chemical_senses.ppt © 2001 Dr. Laura Snodgrass, Ph.D.1 The Chemical Senses Olfaction and Gustation Research difficulties Pheromones.

THE NOSE KNOWS: Mammal Olfaction Mammal Olfaction.

Two classes of thermoreceptors: warm and cold Thermoception.

The Sense of Smell Gonçalo Martins.

The sense of smell Outline Main Olfactory System Odor Detection Odor Coding Accessory Olfactory System Pheromone Detection Pheromone Coding 1.

Slide 1 Smell Olfaction brings both good news and bad news Pheromones Smell— a mode of communication as well as of detecting environment Important signals.

SMELL AND TASTE Jeffrey Zhao, Michael Dawkins, Ryan Fischer, Leah Politte, Sarah Mariani, Alexa Stanley.

PSYC 330: Perception THE CHEMICAL SENSES. The Chemical Senses Smell and Taste – Olfaction and gustation Odors – Volatile molecules Tastes – Soluble molecules.

Introduction  Smell is one of the chemical senses  The sense of smell is also called Olfaction  the molecules we perceive as smells are called Odorants,

Smell (Olfaction). Smell is a chemical sense. You inhale something of whatever of whoever it is you smell. You smell something when molecules of a substance.

The human senses: Smell The sense of smell, called olfaction, involves the detection and perception of chemicals floating in the air.

Taste and Smell The Chemical Senses.

The Chemical Senses. Chemoreceptors  Chemically sensitive cells located throughout the body to monitor: Irritating chemicals on skin or in mucus Ingested.

Physiology of Smell. Physiology of Smell Structure of the olfactory system.

Anthony J Greene1 Olefaction. Anthony J Greene2 Smell Chemical detection without the danger of ingesting poison Object identification Sexual signaling.

Gustation and Olfaction (Taste and Smell) chemoreceptors –chemical substance dissolved in mucus –G-protein-linked receptors all smell some taste –sweet.

Chemical Senses-Smell Macrosmatic (Dog) vs Dogs are 300 to 10K more sensitive (e.g. bomb, cadaver, fish, drug detecting dogs) Microsmatic (Human) Sensitivity.

Special senses. Vision Hearing Smell Taste Smell Anatomy –Olfactory mucus: in the roof of nasal cavity near the septum –Contain olfactory receptors.

Sense of Smell.

Taste and Smell AP Psychology.

 Olfact = To smell  Olfaction detects chemicals in solution which is detected in the Olfactory Epithelium which is a yellow-tinged patch located in.

{ Need some help today???? I’ve got your back..

Sense of Smell By: Hrag Peltekian & Matthew Park Olfactory System.

The sense of smell Outline Main Olfactory System Odor Detection Odor Coding Accessory Olfactory System Pheromone Detection Pheromone Coding 1.

How do we Stay Balanced? The Vestibular System. Vestibular System (Balance)

Chapter 8 The Chemical Senses. Introduction Animals depend on the chemical senses to identify nourishment, poison, potential mate Chemical sensation –Oldest.

1 Sense of Smell. Smell (=Olfaction) 2 Normal individual can discriminate more than odors, but not highly developed in human as in some animals.

 The sense of smell is referred to as the “ Olfaction ”.  Our Olfaction depends on the ability of us to detect chemicals.  Our sense of smell is not.

Hearing Review The sense of hearing is also known as the AUDITORY system. Sound travels in waves and aspects of these waves determine the sound we hear.

Taste and Smell Dr Taha Sadig Ahmed. Taste, gustatory perception, or gustation [1] is the sensory impression of food or other substances on the tongue.

The action of smelling; the sense of smell We inhale little molecules of what we smell. Olfactory receptor cells are activated by inhaled molecules,

Sensory Physiology 10.

Figure 15.1 Organization of the human olfactory system.

Olfaction The Sense of Smell.

The Chemical Senses Olfaction detects airborne chemicals –Our sense of smell Gustation detects chemicals in solution that come into contact with receptors.

Kelsey Inman Elissa Stiles Cameron Ponder Joey Trejo.

Somatic and sensor analyzer.. How to classify sensory receptors? A. Energy transduced  Chemoreceptors Taste buds, olfactory receptors, aortic and carotid.

Leah, Maggie, Quinn, Wesley, Victoria

Copyright © 2007 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain, 3e Chapter 8: The Chemical Senses.

Smell (Olfaction). Smell is a chemical sense. You inhale something of whatever of whoever it is you smell. You smell something when molecules of a substance.

Smell and Taste. Smell Important for aiding with taste –No smell, little taste Smell adapts Emotion –Limbic system –Smell as a trigger.

Special Senses 12.1 Olfaction.

Sensory Systems: Touch, temperature, taste, smell.

Olfaction. Smell Classification Odors Odorants Anatomy of the Nose Olfactory Cleft Primary Olfaction Cortex Amygdala-Hippocampal Complex Entorhinal Cortex.

Chemical Senses. CHEMICAL SENSES  The gustation (taste) and olfaction (smell) and both dependent on chemoreceptors that detects specific chemicals (dissolve.

Sensory Pathways and Sensations Humans can distinguish among many different types of internal and external stimuli because we have highly developed sensory.

Perceptual organization How do we form meaningful perceptions from sensory information?

The Chemical Senses… Smell and taste are sometimes referred to as the chemical senses because they respond to chemical molecules rather than to forms of.

Olfactory Perception – Smell “…We have five senses, but only two that go beyond the boundaries of ourselves. When you look at someone, it’s just bouncing.

Special Senses.

USING YOUR SNIFFER.

Sense of Smell Mrs. Geist Human Anatomy & Physiology

The Five Senses of The Human Body: Facts Figure & Functionality.

Domina Petric, MD Olfaction.

The Sense of Smell.

The nose knows.

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم Sense of Smell.

The Senses – The Nose.

How senses affect food choice

How Do You Smell? Ms. Cox.

Touch The body or somatic senses includes skin senses, which detect touch, temperature, and pain. Pacinian corpuscles, located beneath the skin, detect.

Presentation transcript:

Smell and Taste Smell aka Olfaction (Latin olfacere) Taste aka Gustation (Latin gustare) Minor Senses - Really? Chemical Senses Smell and Taste very closely related to each other

Where does smell figure? In humans Strong link to sense of taste Strong link to emotional states Exploited by commercials/marketing Used for identification of gender Pheromones - signal sexual arousal or a readiness for mating

Basics: What do you need for smell? Odorous Substance Airborne Perceptual system that can parse or segregate the information in airborne odorant molecules

Categorizing Smell Aristotle: Pungent, Succulent, Acid and Astringent Hennings Smell Prism Based on verbal descriptors of smell Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) Subjects rate only the similarity of odor-pairs Consistent arrangement in an N-dimensional space

MDS Eugenol (cloves) Methyl Salicylate (cloves) Vanillin Aldehyde C14 (flowers) Nitrobenzene (almonds) Citronelli (lemons) Turpentine Propionic acid (sweaty socks) Acetic acid (vinegar) Scatole (feces) Hydrogen Sulfide (rotten eggs)

Physiology Nasal Cycle Olfactory Epithelium Olfactory Receptor Cells (Complete Neurons) Free Nerve Endings Olfactory Nerve (Axons of the ORCs)

Physiology contd. Olfactory Receptor Cells have cilia Cilia are bathed in mucous Mucous contains Odorant binding proteins (OBP) OBP transmits the odorant molecules from the air to receptor sites on the cilia

Olfactory Pathways

Neural Representations Very little known No odorotopic map found. All cells fire for all odors but form different patterns different odors => Population code. Other complications: Change in intensity leads to increase in the firing rate of neurons but triggers changes in the perceived quality of the odorant.

Odor Perception Odor (as well as taste) are much more phenomenological than vision or audition. Odor Detection Very good: Mercaptan 1 part per 50 billion parts of air. Varies greatly from odor to odor (molecular properties) Varies with a variety of other factors Time of day, Age and Gender Smoking in injurious to odor detection! Odor Identification Much worse Shows context dependence Varies once again with age and gender

Odor Identification Determined by Gender Women vastly superior Can be improved with practise - benefits both genders Stimulus Saliency Infants and mothers can recognize each other by smell alone Infants hedonic reactions to smell develops with age Odor Familiarity - Seen in elderly people Smoking is injurious to odor identification!

Some more amazing facts Odor Constancy Natural sniffs lead to constant odor perception but artificial blowing of air does not Common Chemical Sense Odors judged pleasant at moderate concentrations are judged unpleasant at high concentrations Related to the action of free nerve endings - stimulated in an indiscriminate manner Warning system for the organism Adaptation - Adapt to a particular odor Cross Adaptation: Adapt to a different odor Could have led to odor categorization but turns out that cross-adaptation is not symmetric!

Disorders of Smell Anosmia or “Odor Blindness” Often caused by a blow to the head Temporary since ORCs can regenerate Sometimes can be total but in that case is specific to certain odors, e.g. sweat, urine Anosmia can have serious consequences such as loss of apetite and weight