R Scrivens, CERN, ABI Workshop, 12/2008 The Feschenko Bunch Shape Monitor User experience at CERN Developed by INR, Troitsk. High resolution bunch shape monitor based on secondary emission. Various monitors in existence at CERN, SNS, DESY, Argonne…

R Scrivens, CERN, ABI Workshop, 12/2008 Accelerated beam strikes a wire (at ~ -5kV) Produce secondary electrons, which same bunch structure as primary beam. Electrons pass through a set of slits and RF deflecting plate. Only those electrons close to the RF zero crossing are transmitted (and measured in a cup/electron multiplier). Hence measure at a defined beam/bunch phase. Shift the RF deflecting phase to the next pulse. The deflecting plates are biased to make a focus onto the second slit. V focus Detector (cup, electron multiplier…)

R Scrivens, CERN, ABI Workshop, 12/2008 CERN has used 3 different versions of the device: Bunch Length and Velocity Detector – Linac 3 – 4.2 MeV/u Bunch Shape Monitor – Linac 2 – 10MeV and 30MeV 3D Bunch Shape Monitor – Linac 2 – 50MeV

R Scrivens, CERN, ABI Workshop, 12/2008 Bunch Shape Monitor – Linac 2 – 10MeV and 30MeV Detector Head SEM tube feed RF deflection power Lens voltage Inter tank Target actuator not shown

R Scrivens, CERN, ABI Workshop, 12/2008 Detector Head Target actuator Inter tank cross section (from DESY model)

R Scrivens, CERN, ABI Workshop, 12/2008 Uses: Bunch shape measurement. Limited halo investigation (wire cannot be used in beam centre thermal emission and wire damage). RF characterisation of the RF systems.

R Scrivens, CERN, ABI Workshop, 12/2008 Y.V. Bylinski et al, Bunch Length and Velocity Detector and its Application in the CERN Heavy Ion Linac, EPAC 94. Bunch Length and Velocity Detector – Linac 3 – 4.2 MeV/u Beam sensitivity - 1uA (peak current) - using 0.1mm wire Phase Resolution: 0.4 degrees at 101MHz - 10ps Errors 0.3% on velocity.

R Scrivens, CERN, ABI Workshop, 12/2008 Uses: Measuring bunch profile and position Measurement of beam energy, Time of Flight, by moving the detector. (Error can arise due to magnetic field variation in time, or along the movement of the BLVD).

R Scrivens, CERN, ABI Workshop, 12/2008 Buncher cavity. Measure bunch centre as function of cavity phase and amplitude, Where position does not vary with amplitude, is the zero crossing. With a bunch cavity, measurement of the longitudinal emittance with the bunch rotation technique (buncher effective voltage must be known). The measurement effectively removes the need for a spectrometer magnet (must then rely on RF measurements for the cavity effective voltage). Measurement of emittance with a buncher cavity and BSM

R Scrivens, CERN, ABI Workshop, 12/2008 3D Bunch Shape Monitor – Linac 2 – 50MeV S.K. Esin et al, A three dimensional bunch shape monitor for the CERN proton Linac, Linac 1996, Geneva, Switzerland, The second slit is replace with an linear array detector, with a sandwich of secondary electron emission electrodes (like an RF streak camera). The wire can be stepped across the beam. The slit can be stepped vertically, to provide a vertical resolution. The array detector can be read out as a function of time during the beam pulse.

R Scrivens, CERN, ABI Workshop, 12/2008 Uses: The bunch form can be measured as a function of a H and V. The 3D bunch volume density is measured (averaged over many bunches). Projections allow any of the 3 real space measurements: For the bunch length, use for bunch profile, and (with a cavity) a longitudinal emittance measurement. In the H & V plane, use as a wire scanner (profile and emittance with a quadrupole). Investigation of the halo (e.g. different phase structure).

R Scrivens, CERN, ABI Workshop, 12/2008 3D BSM measurement of the bunch structure, as a function of time during the Linac 2 proton beam pulse. Beam is distorted in RF phase stabilization regime.

R Scrivens, CERN, ABI Workshop, 12/2008 3D BSM measurement of the bunch structure (50MeV), as a function of horizontal beam position (in the stable part of the pulse). Bunch core intensity increases towards centre. Bunch tail is quite constant in intensity (suggesting tail has a different beam size).

R Scrivens, CERN, ABI Workshop, 12/2008 What could be done better CERN) At CERN, we did not manage to drive them from the CERN control system. The application also dealt with the real time measurements, conversion to CERN architecture required software and hardware modifications. The local control system was kept, and used non-standard cards (e.g. still some Camac cards, and a unique PC->VME controller). No maintenance was followed up. =>The BSMs are no longer operational at CERN. Renovation is not worthwhile for last years of operation.

R Scrivens, CERN, ABI Workshop, 12/2008 BSMs are powerful bunch measurement systems, with high phase resolution. At CERN, the BLVD was heavily used during accelerator commissioning. Variants measure: Bunch shape Position Beam velocity Bunch 3D density Transverse emittance (with quadrupole) Longitudinal emittance (with buncher cavity) Summary

R Scrivens, CERN, ABI Workshop, 12/2008 Some useful reading: Y.V. Bylinski et al, Bunch Length and Velocity Detector and its Application in the CERN Heavy Ion Linac, EPAC 94. S.K. Esin et al, A three dimensional bunch shape monitor for the CERN proton Linac, Linac 1996, Geneva, Switzerland, A.V. Feschenko et al, Study of Beam Parameters of the CERN Proton Linac Using a Three Dimensional Bunch Shape Monitor, Linac96, Geneva, Switzerland. P.N. Ostroumov, Review of Beam Diagnostics in Ion Linacs, Linac98, Chicago, IL N. Y. Vinogradov et al, Bunch Shape Measurement of CW Heavy Ion Beam, Linac2002, Gyeongju, Korea A.V.Feschenko et al, Bunch Shape Monitors for the DESY H- Linac, PAC 1997 Hurd J.W. et al. Bunch Shape Monitor for SSCL Linac. Proc of the 1993 Particle Acc. Conf., Washington, May 17-20, 1993 S.K.Esin, A.V.Feschenko, P.N. Ostroumov. INR Activity in Development And Production of Bunch Shape Monitors, Proc. Of the 1995 PAC and Int. Conf. on High-Energy Accelerators, Dallas, 1-5 May, 1995, V.4, pp A.V.Feschenko, V.A.Moiseev, Space Charge Effects in Bunch Shape Monitors, Linac2000, Monterey, Ca.

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