Tertula M. Swai Tanzania Private Sector Foundation (TPSF) Dar Es Salaam, 6 th September 2012.

 Introduction  From independence in 1961 to 1967  From 1967 to mid 1980s  From mid 1980s todate  conclusion

 The private sector is engaged in the whole agricultural commodity value chain  Involved in lobbying for agriculture friendly environment ◦ Taxation, incentives, subsidies ◦ Better legal and regulatory framework  Various PSOs involved lobbying and advocacy ◦ ACT, TCCIA, TAHA

◦ Private sector involved directly in large scale farming of food and commercial crops in plantations… ◦ Plantations mainly owned by foreign private companies until 1967 when private properties were nationalised under Arusha declaration and Ujamaa policy (socialism).

◦ Due to socialism policy, virtually no private sector engagement in agriculture ◦ Nationalized plantations run by public sector as parastatal organizations. ◦ Public sector directly engaged in agriculture enterprises.

 Growing trend towards public sector retrenchment & greater reliance on market forces for most productive activities  Private sector engagement resumed following a number of policy reforms in the management of the economy.  Reforms changed substantially the pattern of ownership of major means of production in virtually all sectors including agriculture  Both foreign and local private sector directly engaged in the whole agricultural commodity chain  Also involved in influencing and shaping policies through lobbying and advocacy.  Recent notable engagement of private sector in Tz includes formulation of Kilimo Kwanza Initiative and the Southern agricultural Growth Corridor of Tanzania (SAGCOT)

 Govt. recognizes private sector as the engine of growth.  Private sector has increasingly become the main source of investment and finance, job creation, linking farmers to markets, providing technologies, services, innovations and knowledge  Public sector role is to provide appropriate policy environment & infrastructure needed for businesses to thrive and economy to grow

 Private Sector engagement in agriculture has taken various shapes over time.  Especially so for large scale private sector actors such as plantation owners and agro- processors  Policies have influenced the extent and way private sector is engaged in agriculture in Tz  Recently, the private sector has more space to influence policies in favour of the private sector.