SECURITY STRATEGIES OF THE REGION Witek Nowosielski

Security Strategies of the Region AlbaniaAlbania Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnia and Herzegovina CroatiaCroatia MacedoniaMacedonia Serbia and MontenegroSerbia and Montenegro Comparison of Approaches. Comparison of Approaches. Discussion of Main Conclusions. Discussion of Main Conclusions.

Albania: Security Strategies Based on CONSTITUTION. Based on CONSTITUTION. National Security Strategy approved by law November National Security Strategy approved by law November Military Strategy approved mid Military Strategy approved mid 2005.

Albania: National Security Strategy – Drafting Highlights. Explicit about responsibility for implementation. (Council of Ministers). Explicit about responsibility for implementation. (Council of Ministers). “The attack against organised crime, illegal trafficking and corruption will consist of a new strategy... From the consolidated institutions of public order, justice, intelligence services etc “. “The attack against organised crime, illegal trafficking and corruption will consist of a new strategy... From the consolidated institutions of public order, justice, intelligence services etc “. Comprehensive “Risks and Threats” Comprehensive “Risks and Threats”

Albania: National Security Strategy – Drafting Highlights: Risks and Threats INTERNAL Organized crime Organized crime Political instability Political instability Insufficient economic growth and development Insufficient economic growth and development Illegal immigration Illegal immigration Natural / Human made disasters Natural / Human made disasters Demographic concerns Demographic concerns Disinformation Disinformation Insufficient development of education, science and culture Insufficient development of education, science and culture EXTERNAL Military use of force Nationalism and ethnic conflicts Terrorism Organized crime Illegal trafficking Proliferation of WMD Global environmental pollution and diseases

BiH: Security Strategies CONSTITUTION used as the source of legitimacy. CONSTITUTION used as the source of legitimacy. LAW on Defence 2003 (being redrafted). LAW on Defence 2003 (being redrafted). Defence Reform Commission REPORT Defence Reform Commission REPORT 2005.

BiH: National Security Strategy – Drafting Highlights. “ “The Standing Committee on Military Matters shall perform the following duties unless otherwise decided by the Presidency: a) Review and advise on the Security Policy and Defence Policy of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which shall be prepared under the direction of the Minister of Defence” DRC Report 2005 proposal for an amended Law on Defence.

Croatia: Security Strategies Based on CONSTITUTION. Based on CONSTITUTION. National Security Strategy approved by law Spring National Security Strategy approved by law Spring National Defence Strategy approved by law Spring National Defence Strategy approved by law Spring Military Strategy. Military Strategy.

Croatia: National Security Strategy – Drafting Highlights. Very comprehensive. Very comprehensive.

Croatia: National Security Strategy: Main Headings I INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION I. Security Environment and Challenges. I. Security Environment and Challenges. II. Values and Interests. II. Values and Interests. III. Challenges, Risks and Threats. III. Challenges, Risks and Threats. IV. Security Concept. IV. Security Concept. –Security Aims. –Principles of the Creation of National Security. V. Security Policy – Foundations and Instruments V. Security Policy – Foundations and Instruments –Integration in NATO.

Croatia: National Security Strategy: Main Headings II –Integration in the EU and in European defence structures. –Co-operation with International Organisations. –Arms Control and Confidence and Security Building Measures. –Contribution to International Peace and Humanitarian Operations. –Development of Defence Capabilities. –Internal Security. VI. Conclusion. VI. Conclusion. –Relations with Neighbours and Regional Co-operation.

Croatia: National Security Strategy – Drafting Highlights. Very comprehensive. Very comprehensive. Well stated external element of internal security “the deepening of police and intelligence co-operation with neighbouring states...to prevent terrorist groups, organised crime.. “ Well stated external element of internal security “the deepening of police and intelligence co-operation with neighbouring states...to prevent terrorist groups, organised crime.. “ Clear statements on economy, education and ecology as part of internal security. Clear statements on economy, education and ecology as part of internal security.

Macedonia: Security Strategies National Security and Defence Concept adopted by Parliament in February National Security and Defence Concept adopted by Parliament in February 2003.

Macedonia: Security and Defence Concept - Drafting Highlights Concise and easily readable. Concise and easily readable. Clear definition of responsibility Clear definition of responsibility

Macedonia: Security and Defence Concept - Drafting Highlights “The Ministry of Interior especially should improve and develop procedures and mechanisms for the fight against terrorism, illegal migration, illegal trade in drugs, weapons, people and strategic materials with those of the developed countries. Also, it should improve coordination with and develop joint operational procedures with the armed forces, especially in the area of fight against terrorism and border security. “The Ministry of Interior especially should improve and develop procedures and mechanisms for the fight against terrorism, illegal migration, illegal trade in drugs, weapons, people and strategic materials with those of the developed countries. Also, it should improve coordination with and develop joint operational procedures with the armed forces, especially in the area of fight against terrorism and border security. The Ministry of Interior should direct the police development towards maximum possible decentralization on a local level, in accordance with European norms and standards, in order to serve the people.” The Ministry of Interior should direct the police development towards maximum possible decentralization on a local level, in accordance with European norms and standards, in order to serve the people.”

Macedonia: Security and Defence Concept - Drafting Highlights Concise and easily readable. Concise and easily readable. Clear definition of responsibility Clear definition of responsibility Clear definition of defence involvement in other segments of the security system. Clear definition of defence involvement in other segments of the security system.

Macedonia: Security and Defence Concept - Drafting Highlights “According to law, Defence should participate, extend assistance and co- operate with the other segments of the security system, and especially the Police, in the removal of risks and dangers for the security of Macedonia, and especially in the fight against terrorism, border security for the purpose of preventing illegal migration, illegal trade in drugs, weapons, people...”

SAM: Security Strategies Defence Strategy approved by Parliament in November Defence Strategy approved by Parliament in November 2004.

SAM: Defence Strategy – Drafting Highlights Based on Constitutional Charter. Based on Constitutional Charter. Clear statement of missions and tasks of the Armed Forces. Clear statement of missions and tasks of the Armed Forces.

Security Strategies of the Region: Comparison of Approaches AlbaniaBiHCroatiaMacedoniaSAM Security Strategy Security and Defence Concept Defence Strategy Military Strategy

Security Strategies of the Region: Some Main Conclusions There is no model. There is no model. Names (strategy, policy, concept) are not very important, but they help. Names (strategy, policy, concept) are not very important, but they help. A clear paper with clear allocation of responsibilities for implementation is important. A clear paper with clear allocation of responsibilities for implementation is important. A statement of regional co-operation and relations is a key element: A statement of regional co-operation and relations is a key element: – A reality in the modern world which must have resources allocated to it. – A major confidence building measure. –A significant addition to national security.

Security Strategies of the Region: Some Main Conclusions There is no model. There is no model. Names (strategy, policy, concept) are not very important, but they help. Names (strategy, policy, concept) are not very important, but they help. A clear paper with clear allocation of responsibilities for implementation is important. A clear paper with clear allocation of responsibilities for implementation is important. A statement of regional co-operation and relations is a key element. A statement of regional co-operation and relations is a key element. An audit trail back to the Constitution is the norm. (So the Constitution itself should envisage a National Security Strategy). An audit trail back to the Constitution is the norm. (So the Constitution itself should envisage a National Security Strategy).

SECURITY STRATEGIES OF THE REGION QUESTIONS?