ISIC Rev.4 Section A Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing UNSD

2 History In previous version of ISIC:In previous version of ISIC: Section A – Agriculture, hunting and forestrySection A – Agriculture, hunting and forestry Section B – FishingSection B – Fishing Major complaint by majority of countries, esp. developing countries:Major complaint by majority of countries, esp. developing countries: Insufficient detail for agricultural activitiesInsufficient detail for agricultural activities

3 Major changes Agriculture and fishing grouped in one sectionAgriculture and fishing grouped in one section In ISIC Rev.3, Fishing was a section, but was not subdivided at allIn ISIC Rev.3, Fishing was a section, but was not subdivided at all Introduction of more detailIntroduction of more detail

4 Early discussed structures and concepts Organic agriculture *Organic agriculture * Hydroponic growing *Hydroponic growing * Growing under cover *Growing under cover * Treatment of aquacultureTreatment of aquaculture Mixed farmingMixed farming Support servicesSupport services * = ultimately rejected

5 Early discussed structures and concepts (2) Organic agricultureOrganic agriculture Difficulties in finding a commonly agreed definitionDifficulties in finding a commonly agreed definition FAO has a definition that considers impact on environment (difficult to observe/measure consistently)FAO has a definition that considers impact on environment (difficult to observe/measure consistently) If defined in terms of pesticide use etc., legal requirements vary greatly by countryIf defined in terms of pesticide use etc., legal requirements vary greatly by country

6 Early discussed structures and concepts (3) “Hydroponic growing” and “Growing under cover”“Hydroponic growing” and “Growing under cover” Both are process descriptions that could qualify for ISIC definitionsBoth are process descriptions that could qualify for ISIC definitions But:But: Overall size seems insufficientOverall size seems insufficient Resulting outputs cannot be separated from those of other forms of growingResulting outputs cannot be separated from those of other forms of growing

7 Early discussed structures and concepts (4) Treatment of aquacultureTreatment of aquaculture Proposal: make a distinction between controlled raising of animals and catching of animals in the wildProposal: make a distinction between controlled raising of animals and catching of animals in the wild Would be a process description that can serve as an ISIC definitionWould be a process description that can serve as an ISIC definition This would result in the following structure:This would result in the following structure: AgricultureAgriculture Growing of crops etc.Growing of crops etc. Raising of animalsRaising of animals AquacultureAquaculture Catching of animalsCatching of animals FishingFishing HuntingHunting Considered to be a too strong break of traditional concepts of fishingConsidered to be a too strong break of traditional concepts of fishing

8 Early discussed structures and concepts (5) Mixed farmingMixed farming Proposal: Delete this category, since it contradicts ISIC rules (no classes for mixed activities - principal activity should be identified and unit classified accordingly)Proposal: Delete this category, since it contradicts ISIC rules (no classes for mixed activities - principal activity should be identified and unit classified accordingly) But:But: This combination of activities is very commonThis combination of activities is very common Principal activity rule may be unstable for smaller unitsPrincipal activity rule may be unstable for smaller units Allocation to just crop or animal farming is not always usefulAllocation to just crop or animal farming is not always useful

9 Early discussed structures and concepts (6) Support servicesSupport services Some of the support services are on the boundary between agriculture and manufacturingSome of the support services are on the boundary between agriculture and manufacturing Sometimes depends on the organization of units and production in individual countriesSometimes depends on the organization of units and production in individual countries Need to separately identify this critical groupNeed to separately identify this critical group Additional detail necessary to identify different types of support services (different targets – crops, animals etc.)Additional detail necessary to identify different types of support services (different targets – crops, animals etc.)

10 Detail in agriculture There are limitations to the introduction of detail in this areaThere are limitations to the introduction of detail in this area Early proposals were often based on a product approachEarly proposals were often based on a product approach However, practices like crop rotation require that not only similar products are grouped together, but also products that are frequently substituted in the growing process to allow characteristic classification and stabilityHowever, practices like crop rotation require that not only similar products are grouped together, but also products that are frequently substituted in the growing process to allow characteristic classification and stability

11 Detail in agriculture (2) Detail is possible for activities that typically require special equipment / setupDetail is possible for activities that typically require special equipment / setup e.g. perennial cropse.g. perennial crops Categories were introduced for activities not only important at the world level, but also at regional levelCategories were introduced for activities not only important at the world level, but also at regional level Previous versions of the classification were often too much European-centeredPrevious versions of the classification were often too much European-centered

12 ISIC Rev.4 structure At division level:At division level: 01 Crop and livestock production, hunting and related service activities01 Crop and livestock production, hunting and related service activities 02 Forestry and logging02 Forestry and logging 03 Fishing and aquaculture03 Fishing and aquaculture Unchanged from ISIC Rev.3.1Unchanged from ISIC Rev.3.1

13 ISIC Rev.4 - division Growing of non-perennial crops011 Growing of non-perennial crops 012 Growing of perennial crops012 Growing of perennial crops 013 Plant propagation013 Plant propagation 014 Animal production014 Animal production 015 Mixed Farming015 Mixed Farming 016 Support activities to agriculture and post- harvest crop activities016 Support activities to agriculture and post- harvest crop activities 017 Hunting, trapping and related service activities017 Hunting, trapping and related service activities

14 New detail More detail for crops (18 classes)More detail for crops (18 classes) Separation by type of animalSeparation by type of animal No split for beef vs. dairyNo split for beef vs. dairy No class for pet animalsNo class for pet animals No split for “landbased” vs. “landless”No split for “landbased” vs. “landless” More animal typesMore animal types Hunting remains as part of agricultureHunting remains as part of agriculture More detail for support services:More detail for support services: Support activities for crop productionSupport activities for crop production Support activities for animal productionSupport activities for animal production Post-harvest crop activitiesPost-harvest crop activities Seed processing for propagationSeed processing for propagation

15 ISIC Rev.4 - division Silviculture and other forestry activities 022Logging 023Gathering of Non-Wood Forest Products 024Support services to forestry -No distinction between natural and planted forest -No additional detail at class level -Detail increased from previous ISIC version (only one class in ISIC 3)

16 ISIC Rev.4 - division Fishing 032Aquaculture Plus: Distinction between marine and freshwater fishing/aquacultureDistinction between marine and freshwater fishing/aquaculture Other options, such as sea vs. land-based did not work, often due to product linksOther options, such as sea vs. land-based did not work, often due to product links No class for support services (size)No class for support services (size)

17 Changes to ISIC structure ISIC Rev.3.1 ISIC Rev.4 Sections21 Divisions33 Groups713 Classes1138 For agriculture, forestry and fishing:

18 Additional input / Future work FAO Expert Group meeting on agricultural classifications (Aug. 2004)FAO Expert Group meeting on agricultural classifications (Aug. 2004) Part of the FAOSTAT2 projectPart of the FAOSTAT2 project Considers links to ISIC, CPCConsiders links to ISIC, CPC Continuing input from FAOContinuing input from FAO ISIC and CPC will form basis for 2010 agricultural censusISIC and CPC will form basis for 2010 agricultural census Improve acceptance by agriculture statisticiansImprove acceptance by agriculture statisticians