A Scientist: I Am the Enemy by Ron Kline

Topics for Discussion Passage Learning Exercises

The use of animals for medical research is a highly emotional topic for many people. Animal-rights activists condemn research on animals, claiming that many medical experiments are not only inhumane but actually unnecessary. Alternatives to animal experimentation exist, they argue, if only medical researchers were willing to make use of them. A physician and medical researcher, exciting

Ron Kline addresses the claims of the activists and, in the process, makes some compelling claims of his own. I am the enemy! One of those vilified, inhumane physician-scientists involved in animal research. How strange, for I have never thought of myself as an evil person. I became a pediatrician because of my love for children and my desire to keep them healthy. During medical school and forceful &convincing at the same time

against which medicine has made tremendous progress, but still has 实习期 residency, however, I saw many children die of leukemia, prematurity and traumatic injury—circumstances against which medicine has made tremendous progress, but still has far to go. More important, I also saw children, alive and healthy, thanks to advances in medical science such as infant respirators, powerful antibiotics, new surgical techniques and the entire field of organ transplantation. 白血病 早产 外伤 residency The period during which a physician receives specialized clinical training. Premature: Born after a gestation period of less than the normal time: 早产的：在短于正常时间的妊娠期后出生的： Malignant　　adj. Threatening to life; virulent: 致命的：威胁生命的；恶性的： a malignant disease. 一种致命的疾病 Tending to metastasize; cancerous. Used of a tumor. 癌的：癌转移倾向的；癌的。用以指肿瘤的 a benign tumor. 良性肿瘤 抗生素 呼吸器 器官移植

have no particular interest or concern for, apathetic My desire to tip the scales in favor of the healthy, happy children drew me to medical research. My accusers claim that I impose torture on animals for the sole purpose of career advancement. My experiments supposedly have no relevance to medicine and are easily replaced by computer simulation. Meanwhile, an indifferent public Who? the only one have no particular interest or concern for, apathetic Military affairs, physics, aeronautics, hydraulics, even film-making business

barely watches, convinced that the issue has no significance, and publicity-conscious politicians increasingly give way to the demands of the activists. We in medical research have also been inexcusably indifferent. We have allowed the most extreme animal-rights protesters to seize the initiative and frame the issue as one of "animal deception." We have been just/only unpardonable apathetic ?

self-satisfied/pleased complacent in our belief that a knowledgeable public would sense the importance of animal research to the public health. Perhaps we have been mistaken in not responding to the emotional tone of the argument created by those sad posters of animals by waving equally sad posters of children dying of leukemia or cystic fibrosis.

Much is made of the pain imposed on these animals in the name of medical science. The animal rights activists maintain that this is evidence of our malevolent and sadistic nature. A more reasonable argument, however, can be advanced in our defense. Life is often cruel, both to animals and human beings. Teenagers get thrown from the back of a pickup truck and suffer severe put forward/propose

Refer to P103, A Must for Learners head injuries. Toddlers, barely able to walk, find themselves at the bottom of a swimming pool while a parent checks the mail. Physicians hoping to relieve the pain and suffering these tragedies cause have but three choices: create an animal model of the injury or disease and use that model to understand the process and test new therapies; experiment on human beings some experiments will

Some animal-rights activists would suggest a fourth choice, succeed, most will fail or finally, leave medical knowledge static, hoping that accidental discoveries will lead us to the advances. Some animal-rights activists would suggest a fourth choice, claiming that computer models can simulate animal experiments, thus making the actual experiments unnecessary. Computers can simulate, In P5, the writer put forward argument of activists and then attack it in his own defence.

reasonably well, the effects of well-understood principles on complicated systems, as in the application of the laws of physics to airplane and automobile design. However, when the principles themselves are in question, as is the case with the complicated biological systems under study, computer modeling alone is of little value. under debate/being challenged

One of the terrifying effects of the effort to restrict the use of animals in medical research is that the impact will not be felt for years and decades: drugs that might have been discovered will not be; surgical techniques that might have been developed will not be; and fundamental biological processes that might have been understood will remain mysteries. There is the Parallelism & omission discovered developed

pacify平息，安抚 danger that politically expedient solutions will be found to placate a vocal minority, while the consequences of those decisions will not be apparent until long after the decisions are made and the decision-makers forgotten. Fortunately, most of us enjoy good health, and the trauma of watching one's child die has become Who? Serve the purpose for the moment but may be morally wrong 权宜之计 What? are

a rare experience. Yet our good fortune should not make us unappreciative of the health we enjoy or the advances that make it possible. Vaccines, antibiotics, insulin and drugs to treat heart disease, hypertension and stroke are all based on animal research. Most complex surgical procedures, such as coronary-artery bypass and organ transplantation, are initially developed 胰岛素 疫苗 冠状动脉分流术 first

in animals. Presently undergoing animal studies are techniques to insert genes in humans in order to replace the defective ones found to be the cause of so much disease. These studies will effectively end if animal research is severely restricted. In America today, death has become an event isolated from our daily existence out of the sight and thoughts of most of us. As a doctor certainly, actually

who has watched many children die, and their parents grieve, I am particularly angered by people capable of so much compassion for a dog or a cat, but with seemingly so little for a dying human being. These people seem so isolated from the reality of human life and death and what it means. Make no mistake, however: I am not advocating the needlessly cruel

treatment of animals. To the extent that the animal-rights movement has made us more aware of the needs of these animals and made us search harder for suitable alternatives, they have made a significant contribution. But if the more radical members of this movement are successful in limiting further research, their efforts will bring about a tragedy that will cost many lives. The real question is

whether an indifferent majority can be aroused to protect its future against a vocal, but misdirected, minority.

1. Have you ever heard about medical research on animals or animal rights movement? Claude Bernard, 1813—1878 he was one of the founders of proper, experimental physiology, and started the experiments on animals. It was in Britain in the 18th century that the advocacy of animal rights began. The animal rights movement has grown considerably in recent decades. As a result of protests by animal rights groups, hunting endangered species has been banned in most countries. Now some animal right groups have focused their attention on the treatment of animals in scientific research.

2. What animal is most often used in animal experiments?

3. Do you think it is really necessary to conduct experiments on animals? Why or why not? If you type the key words “animal experiments” into a search engine on the Internet, you will find in the tens of thousands of searching results,

most of words used to modify “animal experiments” are: Sadistic, brutal, cruel, shame, disaster, etc., which indicates that quite a few people take an opposing position against this issue, but what stand does the writer take in the text? How does he uphold his stand?

activist: n. A proponent or practitioner of activism: 激进主义分子，行动主义分子 political activists. 政治激进分子 adj. Of, relating to, or engaged in activism, or being an activist. 激进主义的, 有关激进主义分子的

The debate over animal experiments is deadly serious The debate over animal experiments is deadly serious. In Britain, we've seen bombings, hunger strikes and death threats. The scientists involved, labeled "torturers", live in fear of becoming the next target. Peaceful campaigners for animal rights find themselves branded as "terrorist sympathizers".

condemn: vt. ⑴ To express strong disapproval of: 谴责：表达强烈的反对意见： e.g. All the world would ~ the country for selling the nuclear weapon. ⑵ To pronounce judgment against; to sentence: 宣判：对…作出判决；宣判

e.g. The prisoner was ~ed to life imprisonment. Word formation: condemn=con+demn(damn)谴责，指责；诅咒 con- (also col-, com-, cor-) with, together e.g. conduct, collaborate, combine, correlate, etc.

alternative n. The choice between two mutually exclusive possibilities. 两者择一，抉择：对两个互相排斥的可能情况的选择 e.g. There was no other alternative but to fight till the victory. 除了战斗直到胜利,别无选择。

Compare choice， alternative， preference， selection， election 这些名词中都表示选择的行为、 能力或权力。 Choice 广泛地指从一组人或物中进行 选择的自由： The store offers a wide choice of fruits and vegetables. 商店提供许多可供选择的水果和蔬菜。 Each of these nouns denotes the act, power, or right of choosing. Choice implies broadly the freedom to choose from a set, as of persons or things:

I had no choice—their decision was final. 我没有选择的余地——他们的决定已 成定局。 Alternative 强调在只有两种可能性或 者行为方式之间所作的选择： “An unhappy alternative is before you, Elizabeth. . . . Your mother will never see you again if you do not marry Mr. Collins, and I will never see you again if you do ” (Jane Austen). Alternative emphasizes a choosing between only two possibilities or courses of action: Option often stresses a power or liberty to choose that has been granted, as by an authority: Option 常常侧重于已经被权威等所授予的一种选择能力或自由： The option lies between accepting the candidate the administration proposes and reconstituting the search committee. 可以在接受由领导提名的候选人以及重组选拔委员会之间作出选择。 Preference indicates choice based on one's values, bias, or predilections: “伊丽莎白，你面前摆着只有两种令人不快的选择。…如果你不 嫁给柯林斯先生，你母亲会再也不愿见到你，而如果你 要 嫁给他，我会再也不愿见到你” （简·奥斯丁）。

Selection suggests a variety of things or persons to choose from: Preference 指基于个人价值观、偏 见或偏好上的选择： We were offered our preference of wines. 我们可以选择自己喜欢的葡萄酒。 Selection 含有可供选择的许多不同 的人或物的意思： Parents should exercise care in their selection of the movies their young children see. 家长们在为他们年幼的 孩子们挑选所看的电影时应小心谨慎。 Selection suggests a variety of things or persons to choose from:

Election especially emphasizes the use of judgment in choosing: The university recommends the election of courses in composition and literature. 校方建议选择有关写作与文学的课程。 Election especially emphasizes the use of judgment in choosing:

If only... Subjunctive mood Translation practice: 如果我四级考试再多考一分就好了！ 如果老板能给我配一个笔记本电脑该有多好呀！ If only I got one more point in my band-4 exam! If only my boss could have me equipped with a portable computer!

A physician and medical researcher 冠词的用法: and连接的两个词只有一个冠词,表 示的是同一个概念，同一人，同一 事的时候，谓语动词用单数，如: The head master and mathematical teacher is coming. The head master and the mathematical teacher are coming.

Q: This text is an Argumentation, or rather, a Refutation Q: This text is an Argumentation, or rather, a Refutation. (驳论) Read the introduction carefully and find the claim (the thesis) of the text.

claim: scientists should or should not be allowed to experiment on animals. the writer proponent the animal activists opponent

Animal activists’ claims: Animal experimentation is __________. inhumane unnecessary How do they support their claims? How does the writer attack their claims? Let’s go!

address vt./n. 1. to speak to ~ed me in low tones 2. to make a formal speech to The football captain ~ed his team. 3. to direct (a spoken or written message) to the attention of: 提出：提交（口头或书面的报告）以引起…的注意：

~ a protest to the committee 向委员会提交抗议书 ~ claims 4. to mark with a destination: 写地址：标注目的地 address a letter.

“I am the enemy!” (irony) It means the opposite of what it appears to say. In fact, the writer raises his strong voice: I am NOT the enemy!

doctor 医生, 大夫, 尤其用于内科医生、牙医或 兽医 physician 内科医生 surgeon 外科医生 medicine pediatrician 儿科医生 medicine 内科学 surgery doctor n. A person, especially a physician, dentist, or veterinarian, trained in the healing arts and licensed to practice. physician n. A person who practices general medicine as distinct from surgery. surgeon A physician specializing in surgery. pediatrician A physician who specializes in pediatrics. 外科学,外科手术 pediatrics 小儿科

“…circumstances against which medicine has made tremendous progress, but still has far to go.” Medicine has made tremendous progress against (those) circumstances, but (medicine) still has far to go. as a defense/protection against:

how far have you got? [+with] So far so good. progress/succeed Expression: how far have you got? [+with] So far so good. sb. will/should go far: be successful in the future e.g. How far did you get with the cleaning? She is an excellent musician and should go far. To an advanced point or stage: 进一步的阶段：到达前面的一点或程度： How far have you got? Used when asking or talking about how much of sth. sb. Has done or how much they have achieved? a brilliant student who will go far. 会很有发展的聪明学生

thanks to: as the result of, owing to Thanks to your help, we were successful. Antonym: small thanks to (used ironically) We were successful, but small thanks to you.

<attributive> My desire to tip the scales in favor of the healthy, happy children drew me to medical research. This sentence is a repetition of the 4th sentence. (L3) Paraphrase: My desire to keep children healthy and happy attracted me to medical research.

tip the scales/balance: to give a slight advantage to sb. or sth. （喻）使形势朝…方向发展 Your support tipped the balance in our favor. in favor of sb/ in sb’s favor 1. to the advantage of A university diploma is in your favor while applying for a job.

2. In support of; approving We are in favor of her promotion to president. Expressions: do sb a ~ ask a ~ of sb owe sb a ~ return a ~ (fall) out of favor Fall out of favor: stop being liked owe sb a favor (=feel that you should help someone because they have helped you): return a favor (=help someone because they have helped you):

Main idea of P1 Animal-rights activists should not condemn me (the author) as if I were the enemy because I involve myself in medical research on animals for the purpose of keeping children healthy and happy.

Q: The first 2 sentences of P2 are used to explain which of the following: animal experiments are inhumane Animal experiments are unnecessary

Q: Which word in the first 2 sentences of P2 shows that my accusers are not sure about their claim? supposedly uncertainty of their claim

Expressions of Purpose: serve a purpose The discussion serves a twin ~— instruction and feedback. on purpose Jack’s been really annoying me and I think he’s doing it on ~. to good purpose With good results. 有益地，有成效地 to little purpose或 to no purpose With few or no results. 几乎徒劳的，少有成效地

to good purpose/to no purpose: with good results or with no results She has used her musical talents to good ~.

Main idea of P2-3 The reasons why animal-rights activists are having their way.

…publicity-conscious politicians increasingly give way to the demands of the activists. publicity-conscious: thinking a lot about public image of one’s own e.g. safety-conscious/fashion-~/self-~ recipes for calorie-conscious slimmers self-conscious adj. Aware of oneself as an individual or of one's own being, actions, or thoughts. 自我意识的，自觉的：作为个体或自己的存在、行动或思想意识到自己 Socially ill at ease: 忸怩的：怕难为情的： a self-conscious teenager. 一个怕难为情的少年 Excessively conscious of one's appearance or manner: 有自我意识的：过分注重自己仪表或行为的： a young, self-conscious executive. 过分注重仪表的执政官 Showing the effects of self-consciousness; stilted: 夸张的：表现得做作的；浮夸的： self-conscious prose. 浮夸的散文 slimmer n. <英>(通过节食、运动等)减轻体重者,减肥者

give way 1. to break because of too much weight or pressure: The bridge eventually gave way. 2. to be replaced by: [+to] Steam trains finally gave way to electricity. 3. to yield to: Alison is too stubborn to ~.

Paraphrase: Politicians who are only concerned about their public images are yielding to the demands of the activists more and more.

1. Being in or attaining the greatest or highest degree; very intense extreme adj. 1. Being in or attaining the greatest or highest degree; very intense ~ pleasure/ ~ pain. 2. Extending far beyond the norm ~ opinions 3. Of the greatest severity; drastic ~ penalty 1. 极度的：在或到达最大或最高程度 的；极度的 2.过分的，过度的：远远超出正常标准的 3.极度严格的；严峻的 n. 极端，极度：最大或极限的程度或终点

n. The greatest or utmost degree or point. Love and hate are two ~s.

seize/hold/lose the initiative 掌握（失去）主动权；占（不占）优势 Expressions: seize/hold/lose the initiative 掌握（失去）主动权；占（不占）优势 The allied troops were quick to seize the ~ and launched a massive counterattack. take the initiative 率先；采取主动 They took the initiative in trying to solve the problem. Initiative: the power to gain an advantage by taking actions that will influence events take the initiative: to be the 1st one to take action to improve a situation or relationship, esp when other people are waiting for sb. Else to do sth.:

on one’s own initiative 自主的；主动地 Lieutenant Carlos was not obeying orders. He acted on his own ~.

Compare the following words: initiate　　　vt． initial　　　 adj.／n.　 initiative n. initiation n. Fill in the blank in each item. initiate　　　vt． To set going by taking the first step; begin开始；展开最初的工作 initial　　　adj.　 Of, relating to, or occurring at the beginning; first: 开始的，与开始有关的，首先的 Designating the first letter or letters of a word.首字母的；一个单词的第 一个或前几个字母 n.　 The first letter of a proper name. 专有名词的第一个字母 Initiative n. The power or ability to begin or to follow through energetically with a plan or task; enterprise and determination. 首创精神，进取心：开始并精力充沛地执行一项计划、任务的力量或能力；进取心和决心 A beginning or introductory step; an opening move: 率先，开端：开始的、初级的阶段；公开的行动： Initiation n. The act or an instance of initiating. 开始：开始的动作或例子 The process of being initiated. 启蒙：被启蒙的过程 The condition of being initiated. 启蒙：被启蒙的状态 A ceremony, ritual, test, or period of instruction with which a new member is admitted to an organization or office or to knowledge. 入会仪式：表示一位新成员被组织或机构接纳或获得某种知识的典礼、仪式、考试或培训阶段

1.The two countries took the ＿＿＿ step toward reconciliation（和解）. 2. Why don’t you take the ______ and arrange a meeting? 3. That superpower ______ trade with developing nations. 4. The _______ ceremony involves a good show of Chinese shadowboxing. initial initiative initiated initiation

Q: How to explain the word “frame” here Q: How to explain the word “frame” here? Is it a derogatory（贬义） or commendatory（褒义） word? frame: To make up evidence or contrive events so as to incriminate (a person) falsely. He was framed by the real criminals and became the victim of the evil and injustice. 诬害捏造：为诬告（某人）而捏造证据或策划事件 "他被真正的罪犯所诬陷,结果成了罪恶与不公正的牺牲品。" Let’s go!

Paraphrase this sentence: Maybe we should fight against the activists by adopting their emotional techniques and putting up posters of dying children who would benefit from animal research.

In P2-3, the author revealed several kinds of people and their attitudes towards the issue, list them.

animal-rights protesters the most extreme/emotional public indifferent politicians Increasingly giving way/yielding other medical researchers inexcusably indifferent

on these animals in the name of medical science is made Much on these animals in the name of medical science is made of the pain imposed . make (too) much of: to treat sth. as very important e.g. The press made too much of what was only meant as a joke. Don’t make too much of the lecture. Tr.不要夸大这个讲座。

in sb’s/sth’s defence: sth you say or do in order to protect someone or sth from criticism Speaking in ~ of the proposal, he pointed out how much cheaper it would be.

Analyze the structure of the sentence. subject attributive Physicians hoping to relieve the pain and suffering these tragedies cause have [but] three choices… object predicate

…leave medical knowledge static, hoping that accidental discoveries will lead us to the advances. Paraphrase: …stop seeking medical knowledge, hoping that we’ll make discoveries by accident.

Q: Among the four choices suggested in P4-5, which one is the only practical? Why? (Open)

as is the case with: 正如，就是这种情况 e.g. Both of us are old, you can’t expect to score a hat-trick again, as is the case with me.

Main idea of P4-5 Medical research on animals is the only possible way to make important discoveries in medical science.

of little value: almost not valuable His advice is of little value to our plan. Other expressions: of little importance, of some service/use, of great importance, of some historical significance, of much/some, no account, etc. The size of your body is of little account; the size of your brain is of much account; the size of your heart is of the most account of all. -BC Forbes. 身体大小不重要，脑袋大小很重要，心灵大小最重要。

impact: n. Strong impression or effect 影响； Forceful contact 冲击，碰撞 give an ~ to 对…撞击 Have/make an ~ on 对…有影响 When the car hit the lamppost, the ~ broke the windscreen.

Main Idea P6: Limiting medical research on animals will have severe effectss whose impact will not be felt for years. P7: If animal research is severely restricted, studies based on animal experimentation will surely end.

Yet our good fortune should not make us unappreciative of the health we enjoy or the advances that make it possible. Paraphrase: However, our good luck should not make us ungrateful for the good health we enjoy or the advances that allow us to live happily. “it” here refers to “the (good) health (we enjoy).”

undergo vt. [not in passive] Experience; pass through 经历；遭受 The company underwent several major changes. The patient underwent much suffering. The new product must undergo its tests before it is for sale.

…out of the sight and thoughts of most of us: … beyond the range of visions and thoughts of the majority of us

Q: What conclusion does the author arrive at about the claims of the activists? The activists care more about a dog or a cat than about a dying human being.

Main Idea P8: Animal-rights activists seem to live outside human reality and do not understand what human life and death means. P9: If an indifferent public cannot be stimulated to fight the activists, the latter’s effort will severely affect the future of the human race.

These people seem so isolated from the reality of human life and death and what it means. Paraphrase: these people seem to be kept apart from the reality of human life and death and the meaning of life and death.

The real question is whether an indifferent majority can be aroused to protect its future against a vocal, but misdirected, minority. An indifferent majority: the public who pay no attention to medical research or animals A vocal, but misdirected minority: the more radical members of animal rights movement

Q: What is the tone of this paragraph? Objective, rational.

I. Summarize the claims of the author and write an outline of the Part A. II. Word Formation III. Reading Comprehension

Give nouns of the following and sum up the rules in them: 1. entertain assort fail press refuse deny accept allow depend confident pack marry 2. social racial true warm

real active 3. bore official friend leader child adult mouth hand loyal cruel real active 3. bore official friend leader child adult mouth hand cigar kitchen book pig

Key v.+suffix→n. -ment entertainment assortment -ure failure pressure -al refusal denial -ance acceptance allowance -ence dependence confidence -age package marriage

a.+suffix→n. -ism socialism racialism/racism -th truth warmth -ty loyalty cruelty -ity reality activity

n.+suffix→n. -dom boredom officialdom -ship friendship leadership -hood childhood adulthood -ful mouthful handful -ette cigarette kitchenette -let booklet piglet

汉译英 英明的判断 政府机构 快乐原则 混合比例 正式批准 到达时间 经济资助 自力更生 文化差异 参考书 英雄主义行为 反恐怖主义 缺水 收缩极限 免税 想象的领域 健康保险

Key wise judgment government agency pleasure principle mixture ratio granting approval arrival time financial assistance self-reliance culture difference reference book an act of heroism antiterrorism a shortage of water shrinkage limit freedom from taxation the kingdom of the imagination. health insurance

1. Animal-rights activists maintain that ____. Questions 1-5 are based on the passage in Part A 1. Animal-rights activists maintain that ____. the use of animals for medical research has no significance animal experiments are cruel and unnecessary as well Medicine has made tremendous progress without animal research Publicity-conscious politicians should give way to their demand

2. Medical researchers remain indifferent to animal-right protesters because _____. they impose torture on animals in the name of medical science they were not enthusiastic about the argument they feel complacent about the sense of the public they consider the claims of animal-rights activists reasonable

3. In the author’s opinion, computer modeling is of little value ____. when the complicated biological systems have not been explored in the application of the laws of physics to airplane and automobile design while simulating the effects of well-understood principles on complicated systems in the simulation of actual animal experiments

4. As a result of restricting animal research, ____. fundamental biological process will remain mysteries for years drugs will be discovered only in the next decade surgical techniques might have been developed the decision-makers will be forgotten before long

5. If animal-right movement continues to be more radical ____. their efforts will make medical researchers search for suitable alternatives the activists will make a significant contribution to the future an indifferent public will be aroused to support medical research it will cause an unnecessary loss of many human lives

6. The author has a fear of bargaining simply because ____. Questions 6-10 are based on the passage in Part B I 6. The author has a fear of bargaining simply because ____. he considers it is unnecessary to beat a price down he probably has a mental disorder he wants others to think highly of him he likes to pay whatever someone asks him

7. The author didn’t go shopping with Sheldon any longer for ___. Sheldon was not so good at bargaining as the author Sheldon didn’t know much about goods they became bad friends since then he couldn’t buy that framed painting at a lower price

8. The author bought a rug for his living room for ___ at last. $1,500 $1,100 $950 $750

9. The Armenian rug dealer kept bargaining in order to ___. get more pleasure out of it. sell his rug at a higher price make friends with his customers be the object of ridicule of the rug industry

10. The price named by the articles editor of Family Circle was ____. not accepted by the author refused by the author’s wife bargained by the author less than $500

11. Seth stayed long after his theft since ___. Questions 11-15 are based on the passage in Part B II 11. Seth stayed long after his theft since ___. he felt uncertain whether he should commit the matter to the grocer he was not known for concealing a pound of butter in his hat he wanted to satisfy his own appetite for fun he was attracted by the hot drink offered by the grocer

12. Seth was planted in a seat close the stove where ____. he was surrounded by boxes and barrels and the grocer he could have a glass filled with a streaming hot drink he was able to reach another pound of butter he stuffed in as many sticks of wood as he could

13. The butter concealed in the thief’s hat ____. Tore Seth away from the hot drink and stove Made Seth’s hair stand on end and well oiled Was beginning to melt as Seth was pushed back into his seat Settled down to Seth’s chair and made him embarrassed

14. As Seth lingered on in his seat, the waterfall of the melting butter ____. made Seth feel warm and sweat poured down and soaked him from head to toe sealed up Seth’s eyes and mouth kept Seth sit upright with his back against the counter

15. The grocer ___ when the latter darted out the store at last. found the victim was unhappy about his theft told Seth that his theft was discovered before long asked Seth to compensate for the loss of the store satisfied his own appetite for fun to the utmost extent

Questions 16-20 are based on the passage in Part B III 16. The main purpose of the author in paragraphs 2 and 3 is ___. to describe the different pyramids for women in employment in China and in America to show the different attitudes of the Chinese and American women towards their jobs to tell the difference between the Chinese and American women in childcare to give reasons for the necessity of the second income

17. Grandmothers in America ____. serve an invaluable function in taking care of their grandchildren are proud of being housed and fed in their adult-children’s families tend to feel they deserve to enjoy their old age without childcare enjoy their jobs and don not want to retire from their work

18. On the job Chinese women seem ___. less self-conscious and nervous with their superiors more inclined to speak up to the boss more bold to look for evidence of discrimination against them less sure of themselves than American women do in their workplaces

19. One major difference between the Chinese and the American work situation is that ____. American men are given more preference in job selection and promotion Chinese couples can separate from each other for work to earn more money Chinese like the jobs that keep husbands and wives separated for a few months. Americans cannot dream of husbands and wives being separated for long due to occupation

20. An American woman is more concerned than a Chinese woman about ___. Having a great deal of companionship in her work unit Presenting an attractive appearance to help her career progress Shouldering the heavy burden of household duties Making an attractive home to exhibit her own social status

Key: 1-5 B C A A D 6-10 C B C A D 11-15 D A C B D 16-20 A C B D B end