HVACR316 - Piping Steel Piping 5/11/20151

2 STEEL PIPING 1) Manufactured steel pipe application depends partially on the type of coating that is applied (if any) when it comes from the furnace, and weather or not it is threaded or bundled. 2) Pipes that come straight from the furnace and have no threads are dipped into an inexpensive, varnish like material to help prevent rust.

5/11/20153 STEEL PIPING 3) This coating lasts a short time, pipe with this coating is called black steel pipe (PE means plain end). 4) The same pipe is also manufactured with both ends threaded, coated with the same material and called black steel pipe (T&C means threaded with coupling).

5/11/20154 STEEL PIPING 5) Another pipe category is black steel pipe that has been hot-dipped galvanized. 6) Steel pipe comes in lengths of 21 feet. A) Pipe that ranges from 1/8 ” to 12 ” in diameter is named by its inside diameter (I.D.). A) Pipe that ranges from 1/8 ” to 12 ” in diameter is named by its inside diameter (I.D.).

5/11/20155 STEEL PIPING B) Pipe larger than 12 inches in diameter is named by its outside diameter (O.D.). 7) Steel pipe has different schedule numbers of pipe wall thickness established by ANSI.

5/11/20156 STEEL PIPING A) Wall thickness is called schedule and goes from 10 through 160. A) Wall thickness is called schedule and goes from 10 through 160. B) The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) established the pipe wall thickness (schedule). B) The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) established the pipe wall thickness (schedule).

5/11/20157 STEEL PIPING 1) Cutting and Joining Steel Piping A) After the correct measurements have been made on a pipe the next step is to cut the pipe. A) After the correct measurements have been made on a pipe the next step is to cut the pipe. B) After cutting the pipe the next step is to ream the burr from the pipe. B) After cutting the pipe the next step is to ream the burr from the pipe. C) If a burr is left intact, it reduces the pipe diameter, cause turbulence, and wear at the pipe end due to the oscillating fluid. C) If a burr is left intact, it reduces the pipe diameter, cause turbulence, and wear at the pipe end due to the oscillating fluid.

5/11/20158 STEEL PIPING D) ANSI also sets the standards for threads and fittings. 1) The types are designated by combinations of certain code letters. 1) The types are designated by combinations of certain code letters. 2) NPT designates American Standard (national) taper pipe threads, this is the most widely used type. 2) NPT designates American Standard (national) taper pipe threads, this is the most widely used type.

5/11/20159 STEEL PIPING 2) Fittings A) Steel fittings are of the “ malleable ” type. A) Steel fittings are of the “ malleable ” type. B) Malleable (shapeable) is a form of iron used in the manufacture of fittings. B) Malleable (shapeable) is a form of iron used in the manufacture of fittings.

5/11/ STEEL PIPING C) Malleable fittings are made of an iron alloy that is easily shaped or machined for threading and tapping purposes. 1) Malleable fittings will not break easily. 1) Malleable fittings will not break easily. 2) Malleable fittings will bend before they 2) Malleable fittings will bend before they crack. crack. 3) They are cast with a bead on the edge 3) They are cast with a bead on the edge for better gripping with a pipe wrench. for better gripping with a pipe wrench.

5/11/ STEEL PIPING D) When reading a tee; 1) Read the straight through size. 1) Read the straight through size. 2) Then the branch 2) Then the branch 3) If all openings are the same size, the tee is simply called by that size. 3) If all openings are the same size, the tee is simply called by that size.

5/11/ STEEL PIPING 3) Galvanic Action A) Galvanic action is a chemical reaction between two dissimilar metals (such as iron and copper) when the metals are placed in a solution in which electron transfer can occur. A) Galvanic action is a chemical reaction between two dissimilar metals (such as iron and copper) when the metals are placed in a solution in which electron transfer can occur. B) If a copper male adaptor is screwed into a female galvanized fitting, a reaction occurs in the presence of fresh water. B) If a copper male adaptor is screwed into a female galvanized fitting, a reaction occurs in the presence of fresh water.

5/11/ STEEL PIPING C) The copper and iron form a short circuited battery that eventually leads to corrosion of the iron. D) Joining two dissimilar metals can be a problem. E) Reaction occurs only in the presence of a fresh water supply, and with two dissimilar metals electrically connected together.

5/11/ STEEL PIPING 4) Major Die Sizes Sizes I.D. Threads Sizes I.D. Threads Inches Per Inch Inches Per Inch 1/8 27 1/8 27 1/4 3/8 18 1/4 3/8 18 1/2 3/4 14 1/2 3/4 14 1, 1 ¼, 1 ½,2 11 ½ 1, 1 ¼, 1 ½,2 11 ½ 2 ½ or over 8 2 ½ or over 8

5/11/ STEEL PIPING 4) Types of Piping A) Cast iron piping; A) Cast iron piping; 1) Is used for waste, and vent piping. 1) Is used for waste, and vent piping. B) Copper Tube B) Copper Tube 1) Copper tube has a wide range of uses. 1) Copper tube has a wide range of uses.

5/11/ STEEL PIPING C) Copper tube can be describe as follows; 1) Type K – the heaviest wall tubing. 1) Type K – the heaviest wall tubing. 2) Is available in hard drawn temper. 2) Is available in hard drawn temper. 3) Available in diameters from ¼ ” to 12 ” and in lengths up to 20 ’. 3) Available in diameters from ¼ ” to 12 ” and in lengths up to 20 ’. 4) Its color code is a green stripe and lettering. 4) Its color code is a green stripe and lettering.

5/11/ STEEL PIPING D) Type L; 1) Medium thickness wall tubing. 1) Medium thickness wall tubing. 2) Is available in the same configurations as Type K. 2) Is available in the same configurations as Type K. 3) Its color code is a blue stripe and lettering. 3) Its color code is a blue stripe and lettering.

5/11/ STEEL PIPING E) Type M; 1) A thinner wall tubing. 1) A thinner wall tubing. 2) Is available in hard temper only in 20 ’ lengths. 2) Is available in hard temper only in 20 ’ lengths. 3) Its color code is a red stripe and lettering. 3) Its color code is a red stripe and lettering.

5/11/ STEEL PIPING F) DWV tube; 1) Is the thinnest wall tubing. 1) Is the thinnest wall tubing. 2) Is suitable for drain, waste, and vent only. 2) Is suitable for drain, waste, and vent only. 3) Available in diameters of 1 ½ ” to 8 ”, and 20 ’ lengths. 3) Available in diameters of 1 ½ ” to 8 ”, and 20 ’ lengths. 4) Its color code is yellow stripe and lettering. 4) Its color code is yellow stripe and lettering.

5/11/ STEEL PIPING G) ACR tubing; 1) Is Type L tubing that is shipped from the factory already cleaned, and dried, and has sealed ends. 1) Is Type L tubing that is shipped from the factory already cleaned, and dried, and has sealed ends. 2) It is used for refrigeration or medical gases. 2) It is used for refrigeration or medical gases. 3) Available in 20 ’ hard temper lengths, or 50 ’ soft tempered lengths (roll). 3) Available in 20 ’ hard temper lengths, or 50 ’ soft tempered lengths (roll).

5/11/ STEEL PIPING 1) PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) A) PVC is a tough and highly chemical-resistant material. A) PVC is a tough and highly chemical-resistant material. B) PVC is used in highly corrosive applications. B) PVC is used in highly corrosive applications. C) Such as acids, alkalies, alcohols, salts, and other chemicals. C) Such as acids, alkalies, alcohols, salts, and other chemicals.

5/11/ STEEL PIPING D) It is also used in oil lines, gas transmission, and salt water disposal systems. E) PVC is impervious to sunlight deterioration. F) It will not spark when struck, and is safe around explosives and flammable vapors.

5/11/ STEEL PIPING G) The working strength is affected by temperature. H) Therefore pressure ratings are decreased at higher temperatures. I) PVC colors are ivory, grey, white. J) PVC is available in three pipe schedules 40, 80, 120.

5/11/ STEEL PIPING 2) ABS (Acrilonitrile Butadiene Styrene) A) Applications for ABS are similar to PVC. A) Applications for ABS are similar to PVC. B) It is suitable for inorganic acids, salts, hydrocarbons, glycols, and some alcohols B) It is suitable for inorganic acids, salts, hydrocarbons, glycols, and some alcohols C) It is also good for transportation of salt water, crude oil, gas, and is used extensively for sewage systems. C) It is also good for transportation of salt water, crude oil, gas, and is used extensively for sewage systems.

5/11/ STEEL PIPING D) ABS has good chemical resistance, is tough, and has excellent tensile strength. E) ABS by nature is color ivory. F) Carbon black is added to increase resistance to ultraviolet deterioration.

5/11/ STEEL PIPING 4) PE (Polyethylene) A) PE is produced under extremely high temperatures and pressures. A) PE is produced under extremely high temperatures and pressures. B) It is preferred over other plastics for high pressures, because of its burst strength and easy installation. B) It is preferred over other plastics for high pressures, because of its burst strength and easy installation.

5/11/ STEEL PIPING C) PE is made in clear form, carbon black dye is added to improve resistance to sunlight. D) It is usually sold in a coil form. E) PE is used extensively for jet wells, water supply systems, and sprinkler systems. F) Found to be well-suited for burial because of its high crush strength.

5/11/ STEEL PIPING 5) CPVC (Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride) A) CPVC is used in water distribution systems for hot and cold supplies. A) CPVC is used in water distribution systems for hot and cold supplies. B) Up to 100 pounds of maximum working pressure at 180 degrees F. B) Up to 100 pounds of maximum working pressure at 180 degrees F.

5/11/ STEEL PIPING 6) Copper A) Copper tubing for air-conditioning and refrigeration, (ACR) usually obtained in 50 or 60 ft. coils. A) Copper tubing for air-conditioning and refrigeration, (ACR) usually obtained in 50 or 60 ft. coils. B) They are sealed at both ends and packaged in flat cardboard cartons. B) They are sealed at both ends and packaged in flat cardboard cartons. C) ACR tubing is measured by its O.D. (1/8 ” 7/8 ” ). C) ACR tubing is measured by its O.D. (1/8 ” 7/8 ” ).

5/11/ STEEL PIPING D) Copper tubing is used in most household, and light commercial units. E) Because copper tubing is annealed (soft and bendable), copper tubing is easy to form in a tight radius using a bending tool. F) Using this type of tubing there is flexibility, and may eliminate fittings which could eliminate possible leaks when less fittings are used.

5/11/ STEEL PIPING 7) Copper Tube A) Copper tube is a term for hard drawn copper. A) Copper tube is a term for hard drawn copper. B) It is measured by its I.D. B) It is measured by its I.D. C) Diameter size range from ½ ” to 12 ”. C) Diameter size range from ½ ” to 12 ”.

5/11/ STEEL PIPING D) The different wall thicknesses is designated by; E) A color stripe spelling out the manufacturer's name running down the length of the tube F) Or the letters K,L, or M running down the length of the tube.

5/11/ STEEL PIPING G) Copper tubing is termed as soft copper (annealed). H) Copper tube is referred to as hard copper (drawn). I) Annealed copper is measured by its O.D. J) Hard drawn copper tube is measured by its I.D.