THE BRITISH LIBRARY Open Access Institutional Repositories – Leadership, Direction & Launch January 26, 2005

AGENDA Conclusion British Librarys Role In Research Information Chain, Trends & Open Access British Library Open Access Projects Conclusion Revisited

CONCLUSION BL Has a UK Statutory Responsibility To Collect, Preserve & Provide Long Term Access To Research Information Open Access Models (Institutional Repositories Specifically) are Still Emerging, Developing & Maturing We Must Consider All Segments Of the Information Chain When Developing Policy For Institutional Repositories The BL Is Working On A Number Of Pilot & Experimental Projects To Explore Different Models For Open Access Publishing We Are Seeking Partners For Collaborative Projects To Share Expertise, Risks & Costs Of Experimentation

AGENDA Conclusion British Librarys Role In Research Information Chain, Trends & Open Access British Library Open Access Projects Conclusion Revisited

THE 10-YEAR SCIENCE & INNOVATION INVESTMENT FRAMEWORK – E-INFRASTRUCTURE The growing UK research base must have ready and efficient access to information of all kinds…This is the life blood of research and innovation. The Government will therefore work with interested funders and stakeholders to consider the national e-infrastructure (hardware, networks, communications technology) necessary to deliver an effective system. These funders and stakeholders include the British Library, which plays an important role in supporting scientific research and potential, including providing benefits to smaller business in the UK through access to science, engineering and technology information sources Science & Innovation investment framework

THE BRITISH LIBRARY Receives £85m a year in Grant-in-aid from DCMS; earned annual trading income in 2002/03 of £27m Generates value to the UK economy each year of 4.4 times public funding Helping people advance knowledge to enrich lives National library of the UK, established by the British Library Act 1972 Over 250 years of collecting. Beneficiary of legal deposit, and £14.9m annual acquisitions budget. ~150m items in many formats Serves researchers, business, libraries, education and the general public Accommodation for >1200 readers at St Pancras and the largest document supply service in the world Renowned internationally as one of the worlds leading research libraries 63% of users are academics. 80% of the UKs top R&D companies are BL customers

UNIQUE FEATURES OF THE BRITISH LIBRARY The British Library is the only organisation with a statutory public good remit to collect, preserve and provide long-term access to research information for the whole of the UK We are guardians of the scientific intellectual property generated by others – we do not generate intellectual property Have by far the largest collection of information in UK, reflecting 250 years of unbroken collecting Beneficiary of UK legal deposit and UKs biggest purchaser of material Collect all published formats, including both print and digital. In addition to journals and books, have largest collection of patents, conference proceedings and theses in world Collect from all types of sources from UK and overseas, including commercial publishers, non-profit learned societies etc Collect across all disciplines, including Science/Technology/Medicine, Social Sciences, and Arts & Humanities Unparalleled range of information services including: Worlds largest remote supplier of research material Through reading rooms provide unparalleled access to breadth of resources, including print and digital sources Remit Collection Services

AGENDA Conclusion British Librarys Role In Research Information Chain, Trends & Open Access British Library Open Access Projects Conclusion Revisited

THE INFORMATION CHAIN – KEY PLAYERS Certification/ peer review Production Dissemin- ation Aggregation Knowledge creation Submission and accreditation Interpret- ation Resource usage Storage & preservation Enabling resource discovery Research Rights manage- ment Enabling access The British Librarys role Researchers Publishers Referees (expert researchers) Publishers Printers Database managers Publishers Intermediaries Libraries Intermediaries (e.g., e- communities) Booksellers A&I services Intermediaries (e.g., Google) Libraries Researchers Research services Libraries Publishers Intermediaries DRM software cos. National libraries Library consortia Researchers Libraries (curators) Education organisations Libraries Publishers Intermed- iaries Researchers * Note that (a) in reality this is not a simple linear process, and (b) the process varies somewhat by format of information (e.g. data is different from a journal article)

AGGREGATION - TRENDS Science and Engineering Indicators 2002 National Science Foundation Aggregation

AGGREGATION – OPEN ACCESS ISSUES Aggregation Where/Who Do We Collect From? Institutional Repositories Discipline Based Repositories Open Access Journals Traditional Publishers Authentic Copy & Duplication Preprints Author Versions Persistent Identifiers For Open Access Resources? What Should We Collect? Text Data Other Media

THE INFORMATION CHAIN – KEY PLAYERS Certification/ peer review Production Dissemin- ation Aggregation Knowledge creation Submission and accreditation Interpret- ation Resource usage Enabling resource discovery Research Rights manage- ment Enabling access The British Librarys role Researchers Publishers Referees (expert researchers) Publishers Printers Database managers Publishers Intermediaries Libraries Intermediaries (e.g., e- communities) Booksellers A&I services Intermediaries (e.g., Google) Libraries Researchers Research services Libraries Publishers Intermediaries DRM software cos. National libraries Library consortia Researchers Libraries (curators) Education organisations Libraries Publishers Intermed- iaries Researchers * Note that (a) in reality this is not a simple linear process, and (b) the process varies somewhat by format of information (e.g. data is different from a journal article) Storage & preservation

STORAGE & PRESERVATION - TRENDS UC Berkeley School of Information Management & Systems. New Stored Information Grew 30%/Year Between 1999 and % Of New Information Is Stored On Magnetic Media Generates 400 Petabytes (10^15) Of New Information Each Year World Computer Disk Storage 1990 – 1999 Michael Lesk Storage & Preservation

STORAGE & PRESERVATION – OPEN ACCESS ISSUES Storage & preservation Who Is Responsible For Long Term Preservation & Access? Funding Metadata For Long Term Preservation Migration/Emulation When Necessary Can Any Quantity Of Material Be Placed In A Repository? Current Publishing Process Filters Material Text & Data? Who Decides, Financial Constraint? Links To Other Resources Who Will Maintain Links? Will Links Persist Over The Long Term? Trusted Repositories?

THE INFORMATION CHAIN – KEY PLAYERS Certification/ peer review Production Dissemin- ation Aggregation Knowledge creation Submission and accreditation Interpret- ation Resource usage Storage, preservation & conserv- ation Research Rights manage- ment Enabling access The British Librarys role Researchers Publishers Referees (expert researchers) Publishers Printers Database managers Publishers Intermediaries Libraries Intermediaries (e.g., e- communities) Booksellers A&I services Intermediaries (e.g., Google) Libraries Researchers Research services Libraries Publishers Intermediaries DRM software cos. National libraries Library consortia Researchers Libraries (curators) Education organisations Libraries Publishers Intermed- iaries Researchers * Note that (a) in reality this is not a simple linear process, and (b) the process varies somewhat by format of information (e.g. data is different from a journal article) Enabling resource discovery

Various Sources ENABLING RESOURCE DISCOVERY - TRENDS Crossref Passes 10 Million DOIs in January Publishers, 218 Libraries, 36 Vendors Enabling resource discovery

RESOURCE DISCOVERY – OPEN ACCESS ISSUES Search Will Author Provided Metadata Create An Effective Search Experience? Will Distributed Search Work With Author Provided Metadata? Can Full Text Be Harvested From Repositories? Will All Repositories Use The Same Standards, Formats, Retrieval Mechanisms? Should We Just Use Google? Links To Find Additional Resources How Are Links To Other Resources Created And Maintained? Should These Resources Be Harvested As Well? Enabling resource discovery

THE INFORMATION CHAIN – KEY PLAYERS Certification/ peer review Production Dissemin- ation Aggregation Knowledge creation Submission and accreditation Interpret- ation Resource usage Storage, preservation & conserv- ation Enabling resource discovery Research Enabling access The British Librarys role Researchers Publishers Referees (expert researchers) Publishers Printers Database managers Publishers Intermediaries Libraries Intermediaries (e.g., e- communities) Booksellers A&I services Intermediaries (e.g., Google) Libraries Researchers Research services Libraries Publishers Intermediaries DRM software cos. National libraries Library consortia Researchers Libraries (curators) Education organisations Libraries Publishers Intermed- iaries Researchers * Note that (a) in reality this is not a simple linear process, and (b) the process varies somewhat by format of information (e.g. data is different from a journal article) Rights manage- ment

RIGHTS MANAGEMENT – OPEN ACCESS ISSUES What Licencing Regime Will Be Used For Institutional Repositories? Who Owns IP & Can The Content Be Reused? Text Data Do Open-Access Sources Always Allow Unfettered Harvesting, Preservation & Access? Document Supply & Other Secondary Business Models? Can Open Access Materials Be Redistributed? Can Operational Costs Be Recovered? Rights manage -ment

THE INFORMATION CHAIN – KEY PLAYERS Certification/ peer review Production Dissemin- ation Aggregation Knowledge creation Submission and accreditation Interpret- ation Resource usage Storage, preservation & conserv- ation Enabling resource discovery Research Rights manage- ment Enabling access The British Librarys role Researchers Publishers Referees (expert researchers) Publishers Printers Database managers Publishers Intermediaries Libraries Intermediaries (e.g., e- communities) Booksellers A&I services Intermediaries (e.g., Google) Libraries Researchers Research services Libraries Publishers Intermediaries DRM software cos. National libraries Library consortia Researchers Libraries (curators) Education organisations Libraries Publishers Intermed- iaries Researchers * Note that (a) in reality this is not a simple linear process, and (b) the process varies somewhat by format of information (e.g. data is different from a journal article)

ENABLING ACCESS - TRENDS Driven By Specialised Knowledge Better Communication Channels Researchers Have More Opportunities & Methods To Collaborate All Disciplines? The future of scientific communication – Andrew Odlzko Enabling access

ENABLING ACCESS – OPEN ACCESS ISSUES Locating Sources Is There A Comprehensive List Of Institutional Repositories? Who Maintains? Should A Distributed Search Service Be Created For These Institutional Repositories? How Does This Content Relate To Other Repositories & Traditional Publishers? Should We Create A Persistent Identifier Scheme For Open Access Publications? Enabling access

THE INFORMATION CHAIN – SUMMARY Open Access Models Still Evolving It Remains Unclear How Several Parts Of The Information Chain Are Going To Work More Information Sources Will Likely Give Rise To Less Conformance To Standards How Are We Going To Create More Structured, Standards Based Resources That Researchers Can Actually Use?

AGENDA Conclusion British Librarys Role In Research Information Chain, Trends & Open Access British Library Open Access Projects Conclusion Revisited

COLLABORTIVE OPEN ACCESS PROJECTS Sherpa Repository For The Unaffiliated Researcher Preserv – Led By Southampton University To Build and Test an Exemplar OAI-based Preservation Service. eTheses Creating a National Resource for Electronic Theses Digital Preservation Projects Metadata Projects Digitisation Projects

AGENDA Conclusion British Librarys Role In Research Information Chain, Trends & Open Access British Library Open Access Projects Conclusion Revisited

CONCLUSION BL Has a UK Statutory Responsibility To Collect, Preserve & Provide Long Term Access To Research Information Open Access Models (Institutional Repositories Specifically) are Still Emerging, Developing & Maturing We Must Consider All Segments Of the Information Chain When Developing Policy For Institutional Repositories The BL Is Working On A Number Of Pilot & Experimental Projects To Explore Different Models For Open Access Publishing We Are Seeking Partners For Collaborative Projects To Share Expertise, Risks & Costs Of Experimentation