Missouri CAFO Regulations & Nutrient Management Requirements Randy Kixmiller, P.E. October 20, 2005 Jefferson City, MO

Missouri CAFO Regulations: CAFOs are not a new problem. 2

Animal Operations Animal Feeding Operations Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations 3

Federal Clean Water Act enacted in 1972 Missouri Began Issuing LOAs in mid 1970s NPDES Permit Applicability Debated Missouri CAFO Regulations: 4

Factoryfarm.org Missouri CAFO Regulations: In 1996 Missouri passed hog bill and CAFO regulations Required NPDES Permits in Missouri Precipitated by Large Farms Requirements for Large Farms Standards in Place Today 5

Issue NPDES Permits to CAFOs 1000 Animal Unit Threshold No Discharge Criteria Neighbor Notice Buffer Distances and Setbacks Design Criteria Best Management Practices Missouri CAFO Regulations: The Basics 6

Issue NPDES Permits to CAFOs Two Step Permitting: Construction and Operating General Permits Site-Specific Permits Missouri CAFO Regulations: 7

1000 Animal Unit Threshold 1 Animal Unit = 1.0 Beef Feeder 0.5 Horse 0.7 Dairy Cow 2.5 Swine over 55 pounds 15 Swine under 55 pounds Missouri CAFO Regulations: 10 Sheep 30 Chicken Laying Hens 60 Chicken Layer Pullets 55 Turkeys 100 Broiler Chickens 8

No Discharge Criteria Design for 1-in-25 year 24-hour and 1-in-10 year 365 day Land Application on Available Days in Past Year Missouri CAFO Regulations: 9

Neighbor Notice Notice to Neighbors About Construction Permit Application Adjoining Property Owners 30-Day Comment Period Missouri CAFO Regulations: 10

Buffer Distances and Setbacks Buffer between Operation and Residences Setbacks from Operation and Land Applications Sites Missouri CAFO Regulations: 11

1000 feet 1500 feet Occupied Residence Owned Residence Buffer Distance Example 12

Original Land Area about 140 acres Setback and Unusable about 35 acres Leaving about 105 acres for Land Application Setback Example 13

Design Criteria Regulations Resources Missouri CAFO Regulations: 14

Best Management Practices Nutrient Management Plan Operation and Maintenance Land Application Missouri CAFO Regulations: 15

16 Nutrient Management Requirements: Nutrient Management Steps Planning Application Record Keeping

17 Nutrient Management Requirements: Planning: Nitrogen Rate Conservative Approach 100 lb. N/acre application Rate Plant Available Nitrogen Nitrogen rate based upon plant needs

Basic PAN Calculation: Crop Nitrogen Needs considers both the net crop nitrogen requirement and the residual soil nitrogen. Manure Nitrogen Contribution considers the manure nitrogen availability and loss.

19 Nutrient Management Requirements: Planning: Phosphorous General Permits - No Phosphorous Requirement Individual Permits - Phosphorous Requirement Soil Test Phosphorous Limit of 120 lb. P / acre Future - All permits will require phosphorous assessment.

20 Nutrient Management Requirements: Planning: Manure and Soil Testing General Permits - Manure and Soil Test Required for PAN Approach Individual Permits - Annual Manure Test and Soil Tests Every 3 Years Required Future - All permits will require annual manure testing and soil tests every five years.

21 Nutrient Management Requirements: Planning: Miscellaneous Land Area - Liquid systems and individual permits are typically required to identify land application area. Setbacks - Need to identify setback distances prior to land application. Timing - Days of storage and land application needs are generally assessed for adequacy.

22 Nutrient Management Requirements: Application Follow Plan and BMPs Select Appropriate Days – No Rain Within 24 Hours – No Frozen, Saturated or Snow Covered Soil – Monitor Wind Conditions Determine Rate Monitor for Runoff

23 Nutrient Management Requirements: Record Keeping: Why? Required for permittees To prove Agriculture Stormwater Exemption Optimize Yield

24 Nutrient Management Requirements: Record Keeping: Components Daily Log Non Owned Areas Transfers Rainfall Storage Levels Manure and Soil Test Results

25 Nutrient Management Requirements: Record Keeping: Reports Annual Reports Submitted to the Department in January of each year.

Thank You