Nomenclature Notes

Learning Check Identify the following as covalent(M), ionic(I), or acid(A) bonding: NH 4 HCO 3 ____________ Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ____________ CO ________________ KBrO 3 ________________ CuI________________ HF________________ SF 2 ________________ HNO 3 ________________ N 2 O ________________ Cu 2 O ________________ CaBr 2 ________________ Ba 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ______________

Molecular Compounds Formed by: 2 or more nonmetals sharing electrons Naming Steps 1. Name first nonmetal with prefix IF subscript > 1 2. Name second nonmetal with prefix ALWAYS & change suffix to –ide Prefixes Mono = 1 Tetra = 4 Hepta = 7 Di = 2 Penta = 5Octa = 8 Tri = 3 Hexa = 6Nona = 9 Deca = 10 Formulas Translate prefixes, prefix = subscript N 2 Odihydrogen monoxide Si 8 O 5 tetrasulfur hexachloride NH 3 carbon monoxide P 3 I 10 carbon dioxide = Dinitrogen monoxide = Octasilicon pentoxide = Nitrogen trihydride = Triphosphorus deciodide = H 2 O = S 4 Cl 6 = CO = CO 2 Examples:

Learning Check - Covalent Bonding Write the names for the following covalent molecules: P 4 S 5 ­ ________________________ SeF 6 ________________________ Si 2 Br­ 6 ________________________ SCl 4 ________________________ B 2 Si ________________________ Write the formulas for the following covalent molecules: antimony tribromide ____________________ hexaboron monosilicide __________________ hydrogen moniodide _____________________ iodine pentafluoride _____________________ dinitrogen trioxide ______________________

Ionic Bonding – Naming Compounds Formed by: Metal transferring e- to nonmetal cation: positive ion formed by metal losing e- anion: negative ion formed by nonmetal gaining e- oppositely charged cation and anion attract to form ionic bond Ions Formed ± varies

Naming Ionic Compounds Naming Steps 1. Name cation first 2. Give cation roman numeral indicating value of charge  EXCEPTIONS: the following metals DO NOT receive a roman numeral - Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, aluminum, silver, zinc, cadmium  Reverse criss-cross & raise 3. Name anion with –ide suffix –EXCEPTIONS: polyatomic ion names are not altered Examples: NaClKNO 3 MgBr 2 CuO Li 2 SO 4 Cu 2 O K 3 NSnS 2 = sodium chloride = magnesium bromide = lithium sulfate = potassium nitride = potassium nitrate = copper (II) oxide = copper (I) oxide = tin (IV) sulfide I, II, III, IV, V, VI, …

Write the names for the following ionic compounds: SrS _____________________________ Cu 2 S ____________________________ Be(OH) 2 __________________________ K 2 CO 3 ____________________________ Mn(NO 3 ) 3 _________________________ Learning Check - Ionic Bonding

Formulas 1.Write symbol and charge on cation  Roman numeral = charge  EXCEPTIONS: the following metals only have one charge possible alkali metals +1, alkaline earth metals +2, aluminum +3, silver +1, zinc+2, cadmium +2 2.Write symbol and charge on anion 3.Select subscript* that makes lowest ratio of charges so, TOTAL POSITIVE CHARGE = TOTAL NEGATIVE CHARGE  criss-cross & reduce *formula of polyatomic ion formula in parentheses & subscript outside of parentheses Examples: Sodium OxideAluminum Sulfide Potassium Sulfate Ammonium Phosphate Na +1 O -2 Na 2 O Al +3 S -2 Al 2 S 3 K +1 SO 4 -2 K 2 SO 4 NH 4 +1 PO 4 -3 (NH 4 ) 3 PO 4 cobalt(II) oxidecopper(II) hydroxide Iron(II) phosphate Co +2 O -2 CoO Cu +2 OH Cu(OH) 2 Fe +2 PO 4 -3 Fe 3 (PO 4 ) 2

Learning Check - Ionic Bonding Write the formulas for the following ionic compounds: potassium fluoride ______________________ magnesium iodide ______________________ ammonium sulfate ______________________ lead (II) nitrite _________________________ lead (IV) sulfite _________________________

Naming Acids Formed by: H + bonding with anion Naming Determined by anion Anion without oxygen: hydro-[root]-ic acid Anion with oxygen & –ate suffix: [root]-ic acid Anion with oxygen & –ite suffix: [root]-ous acid Formulas Translate anion from suffix and prefix Write H + with anion Select subscript that makes lowest ratio of charges so, TOTAL POSITIVE CHARGE = TOTAL NEGATIVE CHARGE criss-cross & reduce HClhydroiodic acid HClO 3 hydronitric acid HClO 4 nitric acid HClO 2 nitrous acid HClOsulfuric acid = Hydrochloric acid = Chloric acid = Perchloric acid = Chlorous acid = hypochlorous acid = HI = H 3 N = HNO 3 = HNO 2 = H 2 SO 4

Learning Check – Acid Bonding Write the names for the following acids: H 3 PO 3 ___________________________ HClO 2 ___________________________ H 2 Te ___________________________ HCl ___________________________ HBr ___________________________ Write the formulas for the following acids: hydrocyanic acid ________________________ hydrofluoric acid ________________________ phosphoric acid ________________________ sulfuric acid ________________________ sulfurous acid ________________________