Health Care Tristyn, Hannah, Gwyneth

International – Ebola

How It Spreads

Africa  EVD was first identified in an area of Sudan as well as Zaire (now Democratic Republic of Congo)  disease typically occurs in outbreaks in tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa  he World Health Organization reported a total of 1,716 cases (between

Symptoms  Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus a fever sore throat muscle pain headaches  Then comes Vomiting Diarrhea Rash Decreased function of the liver and kidneys Bleeding within and externally  Six to sixteen days after symptoms appear and is often due to low blood pressure from fluid loss

How do we get it?  is acquired by contact with blood or other body fluids of an infected human or other animal  Humans become infected by contact with the bats or a living or dead animal that has been infected by bats.  Males can spread it with their semen for up to 2 months after being infected

Control  Outbreak control requires a coordinated series of medical services and a certain level of community engagement  MSF has been trying to make people aware of how their treatment of dead relatives might pose a risk to themselves but hard to get message across  medical services include rapid detection contact tracing quick access to appropriate laboratory services proper management of those who are infected proper disposal of the dead through cremation Body can still carry virus even if the carcass is dead

Medication  No specific treatment for the disease is yet available  Kills an average of 50% of those infected  The current outbreak is the deadliest since Ebola was discovered in 1976

Outbreaks  The largest outbreak to date is the ongoing 2014 West African Ebola outbreak, which is currently affecting: Guinea Sierra Leone Liberia  As of October 14,2014 there are 9,216 suspected cases resulting in the deaths of 4,555 have been reported  All previous outbreaks were much smaller and occurred in places where Ebola was already known

Who Discovered it?  Nearly 40 years ago, a young Belgian scientist travelled to a remote part of the Congolese rainforest  Trying to find out why so many people were dying  a 27-year-old scientist and medical school graduate training as a clinical microbiologist  Carried virus on plane in a thermos with a note  Soon realized how deadly it was and proceeded with caution

How to contain the Virus  Go to an Ebola clinic to get tested  Serious measures when caring for people infected with Ebola include: Barrier-isolation Sterilizing equipment and surfaces Wearing protective clothing including: Masks Gloves Gowns Goggles

Extreme measures  Quarantine, also known as enforced isolation, is usually effective in decreasing spread  Governments often quarantine areas where the disease is occurring or individuals who may transmit the disease outside of an initial area.  An example of this is Liberia closed it’s schools

Enterovirus D68: The common cold that kills?  A young man from Vancouver, B.C. has died of Enterovirus D68, marking the first Enterovirus D68 fatality in Canada.

Enterovirus D68  Enterovirus D68 is a respiratory virus that typically causes mild cold symptoms such as coughing, sneezing, runny nose, fever, and muscle aches. However, the disease is beginning to be associated with much more severe symptoms including limb paralysis and neurological complications.  It is appears to be most likely to impact young children, as well as individuals with a history of asthma and respiratory problems.

Enterovirus D68  It was first identified in 1962 in California; and in the past the number of cases reported has been very low. Before the 2014 outbreak of the virus, only three fatalities had been attributed to D68, so health officials are struggling to understand why the number of cases is rising so rapidly. National case counts are growing by around 30 a day, but are expected to rise to 90 or more as it becomes more widespread.

Enterovirus D68  To date, Enterovirus D68 has caused more deaths in North America than Ebola. This includes the death of at least six children in the US under the age of 10.  reports of severe cases to date on October 2 nd 2014, significantly increased since then

Bibliography   ved=0CAgQ_AUoAQ ved=0CAgQ_AUoAQ    Donahue, Jim. "Enterovirus D68 Spreading Across U.S. With Five Reported Deaths." Guardian Liberty Voice. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Oct  "Enterovirus US Death Toll Surpasses Ebola." Enterovirus US Death Toll Surpasses Ebola. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Oct  "Mystery Surrounds Enterovirus D68, Possible Link to Paralysis." CTVNews. N.p., 12 Oct Web. 21 Oct  News, CBC. "Enterovirus D68 Linked to Death of B.C. Man." CBCnews. CBC/Radio Canada, 17 Oct Web. 21 Oct  "Young B.C. Man's Death Marks First Canadian Enterovirus D68 Fatality." British Columbia. N.p., 17 Oct Web. 21 Oct  "Enterovirus D68 and Paralysis." N.p., 3 Oct Web. 20 Oct