Rotary Spectra Separate vector time series (e.g., current or wind data) into clockwise and counter-clockwise rotating circular components. Instead of having two Cartesian components (u, v) we have two circular components (A -, - ; A +, + ) Suppose we have de-meaned u and v components of velocity, represented by Fourier Series (one coefficient for each frequency): These can be written in complex form (dropping subindices and summation) as:
Now write w as a sum of clockwise and counter-clockwise rotating components: Remember: e i t = cos( t) + i sin( t) rotates counter-clockwise in the complex plane, and e -i t = cos( t) – i sin( t) rotates clockwise. Equating the coefficients of the cosine and sine parts, we find: A-A- A+A+
Magnitudes of the rotary components : The - and + components rotate at the same frequency but in opposite directions. → Sometimes they will reinforce each other (pointing in the same direction) and sometimes they will oppose each other (pointing in opposite direction) tending to cancel each other. Major axis = (A + + A - ) minor axis = (A + - A - )
where: Major axis = (A + + A - ) minor axis = (A + - A - ) and the components of the rotary spectrum:
La Paz Lagoon, Gulf of California Small minor axis Oriented ~40º from East Slope ~ 0.84 u v
abcdabcd
Fourier Coefficients
S+S+ S-S-
S+S+ S-S- Fortnightly (0.068 cpd)
S+S+ S-S-
where:
Major axis = (A + + A - ) minor axis = (A + - A - )
Ellipticity = minor / major
Examples: Miles Sundermeyer notes (U MASS)
Examples: Miles Sundermeyer notes (U MASS)
Examples: Miles Sundermeyer notes (U MASS)
Examples: Miles Sundermeyer notes (U MASS)