Propagating Natives With No Greenhouse

Wildflowers interest people because: They offer a rainbow of COLOR&BEAUTYCOLOR&BEAUTY They appear from nowhere MIRACULOUSLYMIRACULOUSLY They live in harsh localesCAREFREECAREFREE While abundant most are NAMELESSNAMELESS They are found such great VARIETYVARIETY They are seldom cultivatedWILDNESSWILDNESS They lived here firstANTIQUITYANTIQUITY

5 W’s & the H - CreelWay Why learn native plant propagation? 8 REASONS Who can become a skilled propagator? YOU Where can you propagate? YOUR YARD When can you propagate? ANY TIME What do you need? A FEW TOOL/SUPPLIES How can you learn propagation? JUST TRY IT

Nature is my Garden

Why learn native plant propagation? PRESERVE & SHARE LOCAL NATIVE PLANTS RESTORE LOST NATIVES TO YARDS/SITES PRESERVE & SHARE SUPERIOR FORMS INCREASE NATIVE PLANT APPRECIATION MAKE UNAVAILABLE PLANTS AVAILABLE DISCOVER NATIVE LANDSCAPING PREVENT INTRODUCTION OF EXOTICS PROPAGATE & GROW “DIFFICULT” SPECIES IT’S FUN, CHALLENGING, REWARDING

Silky Camellia - Stewartia malacodendron A Natural Treasure

WHO can be a native plant propagator? Anyone interested, like the folks here People of all ages, including yall Folks with minimal space Individuals with limited resources Someone lacking a green thumb One who had propagation failure A person who has no greenhouse

If I can, YOU can

DOMEPOT PRINCIPLES All outdoors, no greenhouse needed Limit sun exposure by 64 percent+ Use clear dome to capture humidity Convert container for faster drainage using a 3/4 – inch holesaw drill bit. Mix media to maintain fast drainage Use NO rooting hormones, fertilizer, etc. Water once weekly, if no rain

Dome Pot “Tecknology” Humidity-capturing dome made from gallon Deer Park Spring water bottle Water Entry zone – 1/2 inch minimum clearance, but wider is better Media level just above upper drain row. Drip pan removed, 3/4 inch holes drilled into bottom, 1-2 staggered rows added Hanging basket rescued from trash becomes a “High-Rise Holey Pot with a long life to grow cuttings and seedlings Vent Cap ON holds moisture in, Cap OFF lets cuttings transition to dry air Hold-down wire & awl hole PERCH LOCATION

CreelWay Propagation Primer Get Ready – shade area, tools, materials Get Set – pots, domes, media, fresh plants Go – plant pots, water, put in shade/sun Follow-up – weekly water, visual checks Vent DomePots – once cuttings rooted Repot – seedlings & well-rooted cuttings Plant – site selection, establishment, in places plants will do the best

GET READY TO PROPAGATE Shade & Sun Areas – Select & prepare Tools & Materials – Get what’s needed Pots - Recycle, check economy stores Domes – Look for bottles, Keep caps Media – Check local stores Plant material sources – Your garden or woods, friends, power right of way behind your home, etc., Always seek permission

Shade & Sun Areas Use a percent shade cloth, 3 sides Unvented domepots need 64-75% shade Vented domepots need partial shade Don’t rely on Nature for full shade Sun shift may overheat perimeter pots Grow out seeds & cuttings in sun, part sun Cutting and seed pots need a “perch” A deck overhang will work for shade

Creating Reliable Shade

Tools & Materials You Will Need Large trowel & mini-shovel to mix media Small utility knife, scissors to cut domes Corded electric drill, 3/4-inch holesaw bits Small pruning shears, wire cutting pliers Large, shallow pot for mixing media Awl on pocketknife for hold-down wires Tin Snips for cutting hardware cloth Wire cutters to trim hold-downs to length

A few tools you’ll need

Holey Pots – most Created, few bought Few pots are ready to use, most need drilling Aquatic plant mesh pots ARE holey enough Thick-wall molded pots drill best Drilling is easiest on a warm day Repair cracks with clear fiber duct tape Enlarge existing drain holes to 3/4-inch Add 1-2 rows of drains not above 2” high Old hanging baskets are the best conversion, since they are never recycled, just discarded

Holey Pots Illustrated

Creating Humidity Domes “Prospect” for clear plastic bottles, containers, particularly in recycling and dollar stores Avoid plastics that degrade outdoors, such as milk bottles and blue tinted spring water bottles. Start hole with utility knife, finish with scissors Keep a bottle’s cap to use for vent plug Vented domes in part shade can root cuttings Hawaiian Punch, Geyser Springs, & Deer Park gallon bottles make excellent domes Convert containers to domes by drilling a 7/8- inch vent hole in the new top, old bottom, and using a rubber chair foot as the vent plug

Domes with Imagination

Media selection & mixing Find local materials that drain well and test them Always pre-test media & pot for fast drainage I use: parts pine bark mini-nuggets, 1 to 2 parts pine bark soil conditioner & 1 part Fafard 3, Baacto Pro or an equivalent mix containing no fertilizer Mix with large trowel or mini-shovel to prevent separation fine and coarse particles Never work with soggy media Media should not exceed 3 inches deep Media (not dry) must drain in one eye blink Never add sand, even coarse washed sand

Media Mixing & Components

Cutting Considerations Make cuttings in cool of day, early or late Firm green cuttings of herbs in summer WOODY cuttings of woody plants anytime Summer & Fall woody stems, mature leaves Winter & early Spring stems, dormant Spring & early Summer, remove soft green Store at 39F in inflated bag, NOT wet Scarify lower stem, cut leaves in half Remove bloom buds & stem end buds

Cuttings are cool customers

Using a DomePot Check media drainage in a test pot first!!! Make ID label, attach to domepot Add 2 to 3 inches of media to holey pot Seat dome on media, check watering margin Add wire hold-down, threading awl holes Move dome to one side, add humus fines Stick trimmed cuttings into media, Water Attach dome with wire hold-down Let pot sit/drain before moving it to shade bed Don’t jostle or bump pot, compacting media

Pre-Assembling a DomePot Drill new drain holes in pot or hanging basket, unless using a mesh pot Select a dome 1 inch+ smaller in diameter than pot opening to create water entry zone Make 2 awl holes in pot rim for holddown wire Cut holddown wire to secure dome to pot Add 2-3 inches of media to pot, seat dome Loop hold-down wire around dome neck Snug dome against media using hold-down Check water entry zone along pot rim, 1 inch+

Seed Pots thrive outdoors Give priority to seed growing pure species Seasonal change helps seeds to germinate Constant fast container drainage essential Varmint caps needed to protect seedlings Perch pots to help drainage, stop E-worms Use “holey pots” but taller with head space Keep media level low to prevent saturation Use same type media as with cuttings Sprinkle local native humus onto media Repot cuttings to tall pot with varmint cap

S eed Pot Potpourri

DomePots in Shade Water weekly minutes, if no rain Check twice weekly for heavy saturated pots Look for and try to rescue pots in peril Pop-Up sprinklers on stands are ideal Observe cuttings through the clear dome Look for new shoots, maturing leaves Rooting in 2 warm months to a year Remove vent cap, not dome, to harden rooted cuttings, 4-6 weeks in shade Keep domeless pots in partial shade a while

Irrigation and Observation

Recordkeeping is Valuable Label or double label propagation pots Find durable, long lasting material Never use vinyl miniblinds for labels, they fade Keep a notebook of plants, activities Keep s noting plant sources and dates Photograph new propagation pots & labels Avoid sun glare & flash shooting labels Keep photos in date-named folders & subfolders Nothing beats a graphite pencil for durability My best labels are from offset printing plates

Labels Should Follow Plants

After Care of Rooted Cuttings Moving well rooted cuttings to a more spacious pot or to a well-prepared earth bed increases survival Repot in a holey pot using shallow Creelway media Use a tall pot with Varmint Cap to protect plants Duplicate ID tags from original cutting pot Plants along the pot’s perimeter grow best Water repotted cuttings once weekly minutes Water cuttings in earth bed every 3 days if no rain

Views of Cutting Repotting

Translucent Pot worked very well A paintable plastic flower pot from a craft store became a great propagation device after drill modification. The bar code tag read Duraco Products, Inc., Streamwood, Il 60107, , FDMBNOCO. I bought 2, and have been unable to find others.

DON’T DO THESE THINGS Add sand to any media mix used in a pot Use miniblinds as identification tags Add fertilizer to cutting or seed pots Use media more 3 inches deep Forget to use a Varmint Cap where needed Plant in already saturated media Fail to pretest media/pot drainage Expose domepots to excessive sun Use translucent milk bottles for domes Remove dome from freshly rooted cuttings

DomePot Propagation Fails WHEN Media too deep in pot, causing saturation Pot water entry margin too narrow Media too wet due to too few or small drain holes Media dries out, under watering, over draining Cuttings too juvenile, soft wilting growth Cuttings stored too wet in refrigerator Earthworms make media denser Squirrel, birds, other animals disturb pots Cuttings dry out before use, improperly stored Sun overheats cuttings in dome

Two pots failed – too wet & too dry Media was too deep became saturated, Larger bottom drain holes need drilling. Colander pots should work, but plastic seems not durable. Pot dried out, media too shallow Long fiber sphagnum moss media

Success In Rooting – drainage the key

Rhododendron eastmanii May White AzaleaMay White Azalea Wisteria macrostachya “Clara Mack” white“Clara Mack” white Rhus coppalinaX “Creel’s Quintet” five leaflets“Creel’s Quintet” five leaflets Clethra tomentosa “Creel’s Calico” 1st variegated“Creel’s Calico” 1st variegated Stokesia laevis “Mary Gregory” only yellow“Mary Gregory” only yellow Hypericum densiflorum “Creel's Gold Star” by Dodds“Creel's Gold Star” by Dodds Rhododendron atlanticum “Cottingham” – split-petal“Cottingham” – split-petal Rhododendron calendulaceum “Walhalla Gold”“Walhalla Gold” Rhododendron periclymenoides “Flat Creek Fuchsia”“Flat Creek Fuchsia” Stokesia laevis – “Bachman Sisters” Pink- testing“Bachman Sisters” Pink- testing My Native Plant Discoveries

Domebox Rules Measure/Draw a line at 3-inch level on side for media Drill 3/4-inch drain holes in bottom and a side row Water media internally at set-up & as needed when humidity collecting under lid begins to clear Use a clear storage box with clear sealing lid A 50-quart Rubbermaid Clear Impression box works Two inches of media seems enough, Perch box on bricks Stick cuttings in rows with labels stuck into media Sprinkle native humus on media before cuttings With box closed, water area once weekly 30 minutes Protect with shade cloth, Add varmint cap with lid off

DomeBox Details Seedling Azaleas ABOVE Domeboxes seem to work well for cuttings or seeds, holding warmth in winter for even tender plants.

DomeBed Breaks New Ground Two X3 DomeBeds planted December 2006 & March 2007 Humidity domes made from 66 & 58 gallon clear boxes Two 1.5-inch vent holes were plugged with rubber chair feet Ground bed tilled mixing soil & local rotted pine humus Initial shade partial - a strip of medium density shade cloth, later upgraded to full shade cloth coverage on all four sides After set-up watering, boxes were watered once weekly from outside with moisture migrating to boxes’ center Late spring sun overheated domes, temp above 85 F by midday, Drought pulled water from domes, vent holes used to water DomeBed worked well through winter but needed rethinking Significant plant survival, but Domebeds are being upgraded

For a successful DomeBox plant in late fall not directly in soil but into Creelway media held captive in a lined bed 1-2 feet larger than box to concentrate moisture and separate media from wicking of woods soil. Shade with supported percent cloth. Cuttings in original DomeBed were Chapman's Rhododendron, banana shrub, Camellias, variegated Gardenias & Rhododendron hybrid Whitestone DomeBed Renewal Plan

Propagating Both Native Stewartias Stewartia malacodendron & ovata, known as Silky Camellia & Mountain Camellia Woody stems at bloom time with mature leaves Remove soft leaves, new growth, end buds Trim leaves in half, spring, summer, fall Leafless dormant stems winter, early spring Sprinkle local humus from Camellias on media, Use a large pot and 1 gallon dome for leaf expansion Fast drainage, shallow media CRITICAL Try square mesh pots used in garden ponds Repot cuttings to holey pots, shallow media, perch

Stewartia malacodendron & ovata

Propagating Choice Dogwoods Stems with mature leaves summer & fall Leafless dormant stems winter, early spring Woody stems with green firm, Y-shaped Trim leaves in half angled, remove any damaged Remove bloom buds, end buds, soft growth Fast drainage, shallow media CRITICAL Sprinkle dogwood humus onto media Use THE standard CreelWay media mix Select choice forms for berry color, fragrance, leaf shape, flowers, habit, vigor

A Few Choice Dogwoods Dogwood’s true flowers are Yellow. Bracts are white

Magnolia macrophylla, by seed for now

Propagation Ethics & Etiquette Obtain plant materials legally, ethically Do not hoard information or plants, SHARE Share successes with friends, nurseries Restore Nature to your home landscape Teach others what you have learned When something fails, find out why Do not steal credit that is due to others Do not carry a plant unshared to your grave THE END – Time for Questions Your BEGINNING as a propagator

END OF PRESENTATION A PLACEHOLDER SLIDE

Rhododendron eastmanii - May White

Clara Mack Kentucky Wisteria

Creel’s Quintet Smooth Sumac

Creel’s Calico Sweet Pepperbush

Mary Gregory Stokes aster

Cottingham Coast Azalea

Creel's GoldStar St. John’s Wort

Walhalla Gold Mountain Flame Azalea

Flat Creek Fuchsia Pinxterflower Azalea

Bachman Sisters Pink Stokesia

Color & Beauty

Appear Miraculously

Live Carefree

Nameless Abundance

Such Great Variety

Uncultivated Wildness

Antiquity

U2 Domepot “ classified ” One gallon ribbed plastic bottle is cut into two sections Drain holes made in bottom with holesaw or utility knife One-inch vertical slits cut in corners of top section and midway each side, allow bottle sections to be rejoined Lower 3-inch section holds rooting media and cuttings Upper section fits over lower, serving as a humidity dome. Watered only once "inside" when cuttings are stuck, then weekly "outside" in a shade bed with fellow domepots. Water drains and enters through holes in bottom "pot" Bottom filled with fast-draining media, dusted with humus. cuttings. are stuck, media watered, top attached U2 Domepot put in controlled shade until cuttings root

U2 Domepot Photos