Martin Luther
During the Middle Ages the Catholic Church dominated religious life Critics argued the church was far too focused on gaining… political power wealth
The Renaissance had focused on individuality and secular ideas Gutenberg’s printing press had spread those secular beliefs Rulers began to challenge the political power of the church Germany was heavily divided Merchants in the North resented having to pay taxes to the church in Rome
Church full of corruption Being a patron of the arts was $$$$$$ Lavish personal pleasures $$$$$$$ Wars $$$$$$$ Pope Alexander VI fathered several children Secular v. Spiritual Under-educated clergy Clergy would drink, gamble & marry
People began to hold higher standards for the clergy They decided the Pope had no right to secular power The Bible was the supreme power, not the clergy
Monk Teacher Craftsman Father of the Reformation Claimed he just wanted to be a good Christian…not lead a rebellion.
Luther spoke out against Friar Johann Tetzel Tetzel was raising money for St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome by selling indulgences Indulgence = A pardon from sin They released sinners from a penalty imposed by a priest as punishment for sins
Luther wrote 95 statements attacking the “pardon merchants” 10/31/1517 he posted these in Wittenberg His words were copied and spread all over Germany
Faith Alone Bible is the word of God; God is supreme All people are equal; they can interpret the Bible for themselves